How Nestlé’s Nescafé Hits Coffee Sustainability Goals Early: A Climate Win in Every Cup

How Nestlé's Nescafé Hits Coffee Sustainability Goals Early: A Climate Win in A Cup

Nescafé, a Nestlé coffee brand, has already beaten its coffee sustainability goal for 2025 by sourcing 32% of its coffee through regenerative agriculture in 2024. This move shows strong progress toward its 2030 target of 50% and Nestlé’s net-zero goals.

Backed by more than $1 billion in funding, Nestlé supports this transition with major investments in farmer training and eco-friendly farming practices. The change adds value by lowering the coffee’s environmental impact. It reduces greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and boosts long-term supply chain stability.

How Did Nescafé Exceed Its 2025 Coffee Sourcing Goal Early?

Nescafé initially set a goal to source 30% of its coffee through regenerative agriculture by 2025. As of 2024, the company has already passed that goal, reaching 32%, as reported in its Plan 2030 Progress Report.

Nescafé 2025 sustainability goal
Source: Nescafé Plan 2030 Report

Regenerative agriculture uses farming methods that boost soil health, enhance biodiversity, and cut back on chemical inputs. These practices protect farmland while helping farmers produce better, more resilient crops.

Nestlé reports that over 200,000 coffee farmers have been trained in regenerative techniques through the Nescafé Plan. In total, over 400,000 hectares of coffee farmland now follow these methods.

This change boosts climate resilience and steadies coffee production. It also helps areas dealing with drought, soil erosion, and unpredictable weather caused by climate change.

From Beans to Biodiversity: Why Regenerative Farming Works

Regenerative agriculture helps combat environmental degradation by restoring soil health and boosting its ability to store carbon. Healthy soil can hold more organic carbon, preventing it from entering the atmosphere as CO₂. This makes coffee farming part of the climate solution rather than a contributor to global warming.

Coffee production has a significant carbon footprint. One kilogram of green coffee can produce up to 15 kg of CO₂-equivalent emissions. This includes emissions from cultivation, processing, transport, and packaging.

  • By switching to regenerative methods, farms in the Nescafé program achieved a 20% to 40% reduction in GHG emissions per kilogram of green coffee in 2024.

Nescafé 2030 plan

Nestlé aims to reduce emissions from green coffee production by 50% by 2030. The company’s broader corporate target is to reach net-zero emissions by 2050.

In its latest climate report, Nestlé said its GHG emissions dropped by 13.5% from 2018 to 2023. This happened while its business volume increased.

Nestlé GHG emission reductions 2023
Source: Nestlé

How Is Nescafé Supporting Farmers and Communities?

Nescafé’s investment in regenerative coffee sourcing helps farmers make lasting changes. Nestlé’s $1 billion sustainability plan funds education, technical support, and tools for farmers to succeed.

The company works with farming communities in 16 countries, including Brazil, Colombia, Vietnam, and Ethiopia. These regions supply much of the world’s coffee and face increased climate stress.

Nescafé teaches farmers to use shade trees, natural compost, cover crops, and water-saving systems. This helps create stronger and more resilient farming systems.

Farmers adopting regenerative practices often see better yields, more stable incomes, and healthier land. Some are joining carbon markets via third-party verified emissions projects. This creates new income streams through carbon credits.

Each credit equals one ton of reduced or removed carbon from the atmosphere. Farmers can earn with carbon credits if their practices are shown to reduce emissions. In this way, regenerative agriculture supports both environmental and economic resilience.

How Does This Support Climate and Business Goals?

Reducing the carbon footprint of coffee is essential for global climate targets. Agriculture makes up around 24% of global greenhouse gas emissions. Coffee ranks as one of the most traded agricultural products.

Nescafé’s early steps in regenerative sourcing help Nestlé meet its science-based climate goals. The company’s coffee-specific emissions reductions—20% to 40% per kg in 2024—are among the best reported in the industry.

Nestlé is not just investing in sustainable energy. It is also working on water efficiency and changing packaging throughout its operations. Its 2030 plan aims to stop deforestation in supply chains. It also aims to expand carbon removal projects, like storing carbon in soil.

For Nescafé, this creates a cleaner production model from bean to cup. It enhances transparency and meets growing consumer and investor demands for sustainability performance.

The New Brew: Consumer Demand Fuels Sustainability

Global demand for sustainable coffee is rising quickly. Consumers care more about how their coffee is grown.

The coffee industry is worth over $100 billion each year. According to Statista, the sustainable coffee market is growing at an annual rate of 8.6% from 2021 to 2028. In another report, the market, valued at $393 billion in 2023, will reach $495 billion by 2032

global sustainable coffee market 2032
Source: Business Research Insights

A 2023 Nielsen report found that over 60% of global consumers are willing to pay more for sustainably sourced products. That figure rises to 73% among millennials. This shift in values is pushing brands to provide proof of environmental and social responsibility.

Nescafé sources 93% of its coffee responsibly. This means the coffee is traceable and verified by third-party standards. The move to regenerative agriculture takes that commitment further. It gives the brand an edge as regulations tighten and sustainability becomes a must-have rather than a bonus.

From an investment standpoint, companies that lead in sustainability are attracting more capital. Nestlé ranks high in ESG (environmental, social, and governance) indexes and has issued green bonds to fund its transition.

Analysts find long-term value in companies that:

  • Align with climate goals,
  • Reduce supply chain risk, and
  • Build consumer trust.

How Is Nescafé Setting New Industry Standards?

Nescafé’s actions raise the bar for the global coffee industry. Certifications like Rainforest Alliance and Fair Trade are still helpful. However, the industry is shifting focus. Now, it highlights measurable results and regenerative strategies.

Other major coffee brands, such as Starbucks and Lavazza, are also exploring regenerative models. However, Nescafé’s early achievement of its 2025 goal and public reporting give it a leadership edge.

The brand invests in farmers, shares information clearly, and emphasizes science-based climate action. This strategy shows how big brands can impact agricultural systems.

As pressure rises from regulators, consumers, and investors, companies must show real climate progress. Regenerative sourcing helps the planet. It’s also key for brand reputation, market share, and future growth.

A Model for Scalable Climate Action

Nescafé has shown that big changes are possible with clear goals, investment, and farmer partnerships. By surpassing its 2025 target a year early, the brand has proven that regenerative agriculture can be adopted at scale and deliver strong environmental results.

Its focus on lowering GHG emissions, enhancing soil health, and aiding farmers keeps it ahead in a competitive, climate-aware market. With this, Nescafé’s achievements will play a major role in Nestlé’s journey to meet its 2030 and 2050 climate goals. This progress reinforces a growing trend: sustainability is no longer a niche—it’s the future of farming and food production.

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EPA Pushes Rollback on Carbon Rules for Fossil Fuel Plants — Is U.S. Net Zero Target at Stake?

EPA

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has proposed a sweeping rollback of key emissions rules for fossil fuel power plants. On March 12, 2025, EPA Administrator Lee Zeldin announced plans to repeal Biden-era regulations aimed at cutting greenhouse gas emissions, including the updated Clean Power Plan and stricter Mercury and Air Toxics Standards (MATS).

This move aligns with President Trump’s energy agenda and is framed as part of the “Power the Great American Comeback” campaign. According to the EPA, the rollback could save the power sector $19 billion over two decades, or roughly $1.2 billion per year, starting in 2026.

Trump-Era EPA Move Targets Biden’s Climate Rules: Will the Climate Impact Be Severe?

EPA Administrator Zeldin highlighted,

“Affordable, reliable electricity is key to the American dream and a natural byproduct of national energy dominance. According to many, the primary purpose of these Biden-Harris administration regulations was to destroy industries that didn’t align with their narrow-minded climate change zealotry. Together, these rules have been criticized as being designed to regulate coal, oil and gas out of existence.”

The 2024 Clean Power Plan 2.0, finalized under the Biden administration, was expected to cut 1.38 billion metric tons of carbon dioxide by 2047. That’s equivalent to taking over 320 million gasoline-powered cars off the road for a year.

  • The U.S. is the world’s second-largest emitter and has the highest per-capita emissions. That puts a big responsibility on the country to lead climate action.

But hitting the 2030 climate goal won’t be easy. The Rhodium Group says emissions must fall by 7.6% every year from 2025 to 2030. And undoubtedly, that’s a steep drop.

us emissions

By revoking this plan, the U.S. risks losing one of its most ambitious tools for slashing power sector emissions. The plan also targeted other air pollutants known to harm human health, including fine particulates and heavy metals like mercury and arsenic.

EPA Seeks End to CO₂ Limits for Power Plants

The EPA’s proposal includes eliminating all greenhouse gas standards under Section 111 of the Clean Air Act for both new and existing fossil fuel plants. The agency argues that CO₂ emissions from power plants do not significantly contribute to “dangerous air pollution” as defined under the Act. Therefore, they say these emissions shouldn’t be regulated in this way.

The proposal would also reverse a 2024 rule requiring carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology on new natural gas and modified coal plants. Instead, the EPA is considering less strict efficiency-based rules for new gas plants.

U.S. EMISSIONS
Source: EIA

Repeal of Mercury and Air Toxics Standards (MATS) Amendments 

Alongside the carbon rules, the EPA wants to eliminate amendments made in 2024 to the Mercury and Air Toxics Standards. These changes had tightened mercury and particulate matter limits for coal- and oil-fired plants. The rollback would revert the standards to their 2012 levels.

The agency estimates this repeal could save the power industry another $1.2 billion over ten years beginning in 2028. However, environmental groups argue that the 2024 MATS updates were necessary to protect communities, especially in states like West Virginia, Texas, and North Carolina, where coal power remains a key energy source.

Cites Supreme Court Ruling in Justification

The EPA is leaning on the 2022 Supreme Court decision in West Virginia v. EPA, which limited the agency’s authority to reshape the U.S. energy mix under the “major questions doctrine.” Critics of the Biden administration’s rule say it tried to revive the original Clean Power Plan, which had been blocked by the courts years earlier.

It now argues that regulating power plant CO₂ emissions exceeds its authority and shifts energy decisions away from states and consumers.

Energy Security vs. Climate Commitments

The rollback is being pitched as an effort to lower energy costs, boost national security, and strengthen U.S. manufacturing. Supporters say it removes red tape for coal and gas plants that supply reliable baseload power, especially important for sectors like AI, data centers, and heavy industry.

But critics argue that the proposed changes put the U.S. at odds with its international climate commitments. The Biden administration had pledged to reach net-zero emissions by 2050, and cutting power plant emissions is a key part of that roadmap.

What’s Next for U.S. Climate Policy?

The proposed repeals are subject to public comment before being finalized. However, the EPA’s new direction signals a dramatic shift away from federal climate regulation—one that could reshape everything from clean energy incentives to carbon trading strategies.

For now, the message from the EPA is clear: the focus is shifting from emissions cuts to energy affordability and independence. But at what cost? The answer may lie in future carbon market trends, climate data, and the response from U.S. states and industries.

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Global Carbon Pricing and Revenues: How Carbon Markets Hit Over $100 Billion

Global Carbon Pricing and Revenues: How Carbon Markets Hit Over $100 Billion

Governments around the world are turning to carbon pricing to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and raise money for climate and development efforts. Carbon pricing tools—such as carbon taxes and emissions trading systems (ETSs)—now cover nearly a third of the world’s carbon pollution and generate billions in public revenue.

This article looks at recent trends in carbon pricing as seen in key industry reports. It covers global revenue figures, market changes, and how the money is spent.

From Niche to Norm: Carbon Pricing Goes Mainstream

Carbon pricing, a mechanism that puts a price on emissions, continues to grow as a global policy tool. Axel van Trotsenburg, World Bank Senior Managing Director, remarked:

“Carbon pricing remains a powerful tool for advancing multiple policy goals. It helps countries cut emissions, raise domestic revenues… and stimulate green growth and job creation. Carbon credit markets can also help mobilize private capital and channel funds to development priorities.”

As of early 2025, 80 carbon pricing instruments are in operation across the world, including 43 carbon taxes and 37 emissions trading systems (ETSs). This is a big jump from only 10 such instruments 20 years ago.

Global map of ETS and carbon taxes
Source: World Bank Report

This trend shows how popular carbon pricing has become. These figures come from the World Bank’s State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2025 report.

Combined, these systems now cover approximately 28% of global greenhouse gas emissions, up from 24% in 2023. This growth in coverage reflects major policy moves, especially the expansion of China’s national ETS.

GHG emissions covered by carbon pricing
Source: World Bank Report

In 2024, China expanded its system beyond just the power sector. Now, it includes major heavy industries like cement, steel, and aluminum. This change means the system now covers 15% of global emissions, as noted in the Global Carbon Accounts 2025 from I4CE (Institute for Climate Economics).

  • Carbon pricing tools are used in countries that make up two-thirds of global GDP. More high-income and middle-income nations are adopting them.

In Latin America, Chile has expanded its pricing scheme to include non-electric sectors. In Africa, South Africa’s carbon tax is being strengthened. Meanwhile, countries like Brazil, Türkiye, and India are designing new systems with support from international institutions.

Most new carbon pricing programs in 2024 were ETSs, as governments seek more flexible, market-driven tools. ETSs allow companies to buy and sell allowances, creating a price signal while giving industries a pathway to adjust.

Still, many jurisdictions are layering ETSs on top of existing carbon taxes, or phasing in taxes where market systems are not yet feasible.

Another important trend is regional cooperation. The European Union is moving forward with its carbon border adjustment mechanism (CBAM). Meanwhile, U.S. states are looking into connected carbon markets. These changes show a worldwide shift to linked carbon pricing systems. This could boost climate efforts and enhance efficiency in the long run.

Over $100 Billion in Revenue—and Growing Potential

Carbon pricing is not only a climate policy—it’s also a growing source of public revenue. In 2024, governments around the world collected about $103 billion through carbon taxes and emissions trading systems. This figure, reported in the Global Carbon Accounts 2025, represents more than three times the total carbon revenue collected in 2013.

carbon revenues 2024
Source: Institute for Climate Economics

Most of this revenue came from ETSs, which generated 67% of the total, while carbon taxes accounted for the remaining 33%. The biggest source was the European Union’s Emissions Trading System (EU ETS). It provided 41% of global carbon revenues.

Germany’s national ETS came second with 14%, followed by Canada’s federal carbon tax, which generated 9%. Just ten jurisdictions made up 86% of global carbon revenues. This shows how important major economies are.

In 2024, revenues were a bit lower than in 2023 because of price changes in some markets. Still, the long-term trend is strong.

Similarly, the State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2025 shows that around $102 billion in revenue was generated. The report also notes that average carbon prices in ETSs and taxes continued to rise or stabilize in most systems. This is especially true in the EU, the U.K., and New Zealand.

carbon prices for covered emissions
Source: World Bank Report

The revenue potential of carbon pricing is even more striking when modeled globally. If 2024 emissions were priced at $50 per ton of CO₂ equivalent, total annual revenue could hit an impressive $2.6 trillion, says the Global Carbon Accounts 2025. This would represent about 2% of global GDP and far exceed current climate finance flows.

  • However, the current picture shows that most emissions are still unpriced or underpriced.

Many systems have carbon prices that fall below the $40–80 per ton range. This range is recommended by the High-Level Commission on Carbon Prices. It’s crucial to stay on track for Paris Agreement goals. This price gap limits both the environmental and fiscal impact of carbon pricing instruments.

The current revenue stream is crucial for funding clean energy, public transport, and climate resilience, despite these limitations. As more places use carbon pricing, this funding can help fill the climate finance gap. It also reduces the need for general taxes or debt.

How Are Carbon Revenues Used?

How governments use carbon revenues can affect public support and climate impact. In 2024, about 56% of all revenues were earmarked for environmental, climate, and development projects, according to both reports. These funds went to areas like green infrastructure, clean technology, and climate adaptation.

Meanwhile, 25% of revenues were used for social and economic support, such as direct transfers to households (19%) or tax breaks for businesses (6%). The remaining 19% went into general government budgets without a specific climate-related use.

carbon revenue use in 2024
Source: Institute for Climate Economics

Some countries use innovative models. For example, Germany uses its carbon revenues to fund the “Climate and Transformation Fund.” This fund helps clean energy, boosts energy efficiency, and provides social protections. The EU ETS recently mandated that 100% of its revenue be spent on climate and energy purposes, up from 50% before 2023.

Private Sector and Carbon Credit Market Growth

Beyond government pricing, the voluntary carbon market is playing a bigger role in driving emissions reductions. In 2024, private companies, especially in tech and energy-heavy sectors, drove the need for high-quality carbon credits. They focused on nature-based removal credits.

Although prices dropped slightly overall, credits with strong environmental benefits or international compliance status attracted premiums. Nature-based projects like reforestation and clean cooking saw strong issuance and demand.

By late 2024, nearly 1 billion tons of carbon credits remained unretired, mostly from older forestry or renewable energy projects. Companies use carbon credits for different reasons:

  • To meet voluntary climate goals,

  • To comply with emissions laws, and

  • To offset travel.

New rules under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement are expected to boost international trade in these credits.

Looking Ahead: Trends and Takeaways

Carbon pricing is spreading, but not evenly. The power and industry sectors face the most pricing, while agriculture and transport remain largely unpriced. Most new systems are ETSs, and middle-income countries like Brazil, India, and Türkiye are preparing for implementation.

sectors covered by ETS
Source: World Bank Report

The carbon pricing landscape is dynamic, shaped by politics, economic pressures, and public support. For example, Canada repealed its national carbon tax in 2025, even though it returned all revenue to citizens. Poor communication and worries about inflation led to its failure. This shows that just using revenue isn’t enough: citizens need to understand and support the system.

Still, carbon pricing remains a powerful tool to fight climate change, raise funds for sustainable development, and drive investment. With better policy design, transparency, and communication, it can become a cornerstone of global climate finance.

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Hanwha Qcells Launches EcoRecycle for Solar Panel Recycling

solar panel

Hanwha Qcells has launched a solar panel recycling program called EcoRecycle. The company aims to recycle up to 250 megawatts (MW) of solar panels each year. This effort will reduce waste and promote sustainable energy in the U.S. It meets the growing need for solar panel recycling as the industry expands.

Why Qcells Chose Georgia?

Qcells chose Georgia for its new recycling facility. The company already runs major solar projects in the state, which is a hub for solar energy. Expanding there allows Qcells to use existing infrastructure and a skilled local workforce.

This year, EcoRecycle will begin operations at a state-of-the-art facility in Cartersville, Georgia. At full capacity, it can recycle about 250 MW of solar panels each year—around 500,000 panels—recovering materials like aluminum, glass, silver, and copper. EcoRecycle plans to expand its centers across the U.S. to boost efficiency.

This move helps the local economy by creating jobs and promoting green technology. Georgia is key to U.S. solar growth. It’s an ideal place for a large-scale recycling program that can transform how the industry manages solar waste.

Jung-Kwon Hong, Head of Hanwha Qcells Manufacturing Group

“As the U.S. moves towards a more sustainable and self-reliant solar industry, EcoRecycle by Qcells is committed to pioneering innovative recycling technologies that not only reduce environmental impact but also create economic opportunities. Through strategic investments and cutting-edge solutions, we are positioning ourselves as a leader in the circular economy, ensuring that solar energy remains a truly renewable and responsible power source.”

What Makes EcoRecycle Important for Solar Waste?

Solar panels typically last 25 to 30 years. As older panels reach the end of their life, they create a waste problem. Currently, less than 10% of solar panels are recycled. Most end up in landfills, wasting valuable materials like glass, aluminum, silicon, and silver.

Qcells wants to change this with EcoRecycle. The goal is to recover key materials and reuse them in new products. By keeping these materials in circulation, Qcells helps reduce emissions tied to mining and production, which are crucial steps in fighting climate change.

Kelly Weger, Senior Director of Sustainability at Hanwha Qcells said,

“With this new business, Hanwha Qcells will emerge as the first-ever crystalline silicon (C-Si) solar panel producer to possess a full value chain, conducting both solar panel manufacturing and recycling on U.S. soil. Effectively managing solar waste is essential to ensure the long-term sustainability and resilience of the clean energy sector. We’re proud to be leading the charge with the launch of EcoRecycle by Qcells.”

To boost its recycling efforts, Qcells partnered with Solarcycle, a company that specializes in solar panel recycling. Solarcycle uses innovative technology to separate valuable components from old panels. These parts, like silicon and precious metals, can be reused to make new panels.

This partnership allows Qcells to recycle more efficiently. It also shows how collaboration can help the solar sector adopt greener practices.

Recycling Solar Waste and Its Impact on the Environment

As global demand for solar energy grows, solar panel installations are rapidly increasing. At the same time, concerns are rising about carbon emissions from panel production and how to manage solar waste.

Measuring Solar’s Life-Cycle Emissions 

Life-cycle emissions refer to the total greenhouse gases released throughout the entire process of producing energy, from mining raw materials and manufacturing to installation, maintenance, and final disposal.

According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), producing 1 kilowatt-hour (kWh) of electricity from rooftop solar panels results in about 41 grams of CO2 equivalents—the same weight as a medium-sized chicken egg.

While solar energy isn’t completely carbon-free, its emissions are significantly lower than those from fossil fuel-based electricity, making it a much cleaner alternative.

Recycling solar panels cuts the need for raw materials like mined aluminum, copper, and glass. By reusing these materials, Qcells reduces energy use and carbon emissions tied to production.

solar emissions
Source: Image taken from Solar.com

In 2023, the Qcells division took responsibility by launching an extended producer responsibility (EPR) program and setting up an eco-friendly system to recycle waste panels.

Additionally, Solarcycle’s advanced resource separation can recover up to 95% of materials in a panel. This means less waste in landfills and fewer carbon emissions from mining and transporting raw materials. With solar panel waste expected to reach 76 million tons globally by 2030, EcoRecycle helps ease that future burden.

Boosting the U.S. Solar Sector

The U.S. solar sector is rapidly growing, currently valued at $20 billion. It will continue to expand as more homes and businesses adopt solar. However, this growth also creates more waste unless recycling becomes standard.

By launching EcoRecycle, Qcells prepares for future regulations and market demands. Currently, there are no national laws for solar panel recycling, though some states are starting to discuss it. If these laws pass, Qcells will be well-positioned to start early.

Recycling also reduces the solar industry’s reliance on imports for key materials, protecting companies from price changes. This stability gives manufacturers reliable domestic supplies of materials.

Trends Driving Solar Panel Recycling

In the renewable energy sector, companies are focusing more on the entire product lifecycle. This means designing solar technology for both performance and end-of-life management. More firms invest in recycling to maximize the value of their materials.

Businesses and governments promote a circular economy in solar, where products are reused or remade instead of being discarded. This approach reduces waste and supports long-term sustainability goals. Initiatives like Qcells’ EcoRecycle show this strategy in action.

Industry experts agree that effective recycling will shape the next phase of solar growth. According to EIA’s latest forecast, the US expects 63GW of new utility-scale power projects in 2025, with solar PV leading the way. Utility-scale solar PV will contribute 32.5GW, making up 52% of the total.

US SOLAR

However, this growth brings increased waste. If recycling doesn’t keep pace, the solar boom could lead to major environmental challenges.

EcoRecycle addresses the urgent need for infrastructure to manage outdated and damaged panels. With Solarcycle’s advanced recovery technology, Qcells takes an early lead in a market with few large-scale recyclers. This offers both environmental and competitive advantages.

Public pressure is also growing. Consumers want to know what happens to products after they use them. They prefer brands that act responsibly. Qcells’ program meets this demand. It builds trust with an audience that cares about sustainable energy choices.

EcoRecycle Sets a New Standard in Solar Tech Management

EcoRecycle sets a new standard for responsible solar tech management. Growth is important, but the solar industry must handle its waste. If it doesn’t, it risks undermining its green mission. Hanwha Qcells is an example of this by its investment in recycling. They offer a roadmap for others to follow.

As technology advances and regulations change, recycling will likely become central to solar economics. Qcells’ proactive approach lets it shape the market while helping reduce emissions and landfill waste. It’s not just about solar power; it’s about building a sustainable future.

With EcoRecycle, Qcells has taken a significant step forward. It paves the way for a future where energy is clean, smart, and sustainable.

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Global Investment in CCS Surges Toward $80 Billion as Climate Goals Drive Demand

Governments and businesses are investing heavily in carbon capture and storage (CCS) to meet climate goals and decarbonize heavy industries. With nearly $80 billion in investment expected to flow into the sector in the coming years, carbon capture is becoming a central part of global climate strategies. Reports say global CCS capacity might grow four times by 2030. This shows big advances in technology, funding, and teamwork across countries.

Why Is CCS Gaining So Much Attention?

Carbon capture and storage is a process that captures carbon dioxide (CO₂) from industrial and energy-related sources before it reaches the atmosphere. It then stores the carbon underground in geological formations.

CCS works well in sectors like cement, steel, and fossil fuel plants. These areas are tough to decarbonize with just renewable energy.

CCS capacity additions 2030
Source: DNV Report

A notable example is a $500 million agreement between Occidental Petroleum and the Abu Dhabi National Oil Company (ADNOC). They will build a big direct air capture (DAC) facility in Texas.

The deal shows the growing global interest in CCS. It’s not just about cutting emissions; it’s also about creating carbon removal solutions that support other climate efforts.

Experts agree that CCS isn’t a complete solution. However, it plays a key role by tackling emissions that other technologies can’t remove. It is also one of the few methods available today for carbon dioxide removal, a crucial component for meeting long-term climate targets.

How Fast Is CCS Capacity Growing?

The global CCS capacity is expected to grow fourfold by 2030, according to the DNV report. From around 50 million tonnes of CO₂ captured annually today, capacity could rise to more than 550 million tonnes per year by the end of the decade. This would represent around 6% of today’s energy-related global emissions.

global carbon emissions captured with CCS
Source: DNV Report

This growth requires major investment in infrastructure, including new carbon pipelines, storage hubs, and large-scale capture facilities. North America and Europe are expected to lead the expansion. They could make up more than 80% of the expected CCS capacity by 2030. This is due to helpful climate policies, funding incentives, and established infrastructure.

CCS capacity additions by region
Source: DNV Report

In the U.S., the Inflation Reduction Act drives CCS growth. It offers tax credits up to $85 for each metric ton of CO₂ captured and stored permanently. Similarly, the European Union supports CCS through its Innovation Fund, with countries like Norway and the Netherlands building cross-border carbon storage networks in the North Sea.

Emerging markets are also entering the CCS space. In Asia, Japan and South Korea have begun planning domestic CCS facilities and exploring regional carbon storage partnerships.

Smart Tech, Lower Costs: CCS Innovation Takes Off

Technology is central to making CCS more effective and affordable. Current advancements include improved solvents for carbon capture, modular DAC units, and more efficient CO₂ transport and storage systems. These innovations help lower energy use and cut costs.

A 2023 report from the Energy Futures Initiative (EFI) says CCS costs might drop by 40% by 2050. This could happen because of better technology and larger production. New digital tools, like AI monitoring systems, are being tested. They track carbon storage performance in real time and help ensure long-term safety.

Data centers in the U.S. are beginning to integrate CCS into their sustainability efforts. For example, Microsoft is partnering with firms like Heirloom and CarbonCapture to buy permanent carbon removal credits backed by CCS. These partnerships show how CCS is moving beyond industrial use and into corporate sustainability strategies.

Hybrid projects, combining renewable energy with CCS, are also on the rise. These include bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS), where biomass is used for power generation and the CO₂ is captured. This type of system can result in net-negative emissions—removing more carbon from the atmosphere than it emits.

CDR by sector 2050
Source: DNV Report

How Do Policy and Carbon Markets Influence CCS Growth?

Strong policy support is driving CCS development. In the U.S., the Section 45Q tax credit offers financial incentives for both point-source carbon capture and DAC projects. The Department of Energy also provides funding for demonstration and early-stage CCS projects.

Globally, carbon markets are beginning to recognize the role of CCS. The voluntary carbon market (VCM) and compliance markets in California and the EU Emissions Trading System are considering or already using CCS-based credits.

In 2024, the global carbon market was valued at around $1.4 billion according to MSCI, with voluntary carbon credit transaction volumes declining but demand remaining steady. Projections suggest it could grow significantly, reaching between $7 billion and $35 billion by 2030.

Longer-term forecasts estimate the market could expand to as much as $250 billion by 2050. This is driven by increasing corporate climate commitments and demand for high-quality carbon removal credits.

High-quality carbon credits from CCS projects could play a major role in this growth. Projects that use strict measurement, reporting, and verification (MRV) protocols can attract higher prices. This applies in both voluntary and regulatory markets.

Wood Mackenzie estimates the U.S. CCUS (carbon capture, utilization, and storage) sector could offer a $196 billion investment opportunity over the next 10 years. This is especially true for the oil, gas, chemical, and power industries.

CCUS government funding
Source: Wood Mackenzie

Meanwhile, countries like Canada, Australia, and the UK are developing shared CCS “hub” models—regional centers that link multiple emission sources to centralized storage facilities. These hubs lower costs and speed up development by pooling resources and infrastructure.

A Critical Piece of the Climate Puzzle

By 2030, global CCS projects could capture between 430 and 550 million tonnes of CO₂ each year. This is a big step forward, but it’s not enough. Experts say we need 1.3 billion tonnes per year by mid-century to meet the Paris Agreement goals.

Still, CCS plays a unique and necessary role in cutting emissions where alternatives are limited. The technology’s capture capacity will grow to 1,300 MtCO2/yr. It also supports the production of low-carbon hydrogen, decarbonized fuels, and sustainable building materials.

CCS growth 2050
Source: DNV Report

However, some environmental groups caution that CCS must be applied carefully. Using captured carbon for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) can hurt climate efforts. This happens if it isn’t combined with limits on fossil fuel use.

Clear governance, independent checks, and science-based standards are key to making sure CCS projects truly help climate goals. While it is not a silver bullet, CCS can buy time and cut emissions in sectors that are difficult to decarbonize with renewables alone.

As global capacity grows and costs drop, CCS will likely be key to climate strategies. This includes energy efficiency, clean fuels, and electrification. Continued collaboration among stakeholders, significant investment, and communities’ support will be key to making carbon capture and storage both scalable and sustainable.

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Fervo Energy Secures $206 Million for U.S. Geothermal Ambitions

Fervo Energy Secures $206 Million for U.S. Geothermal Ambitions

Fervo Energy, a U.S.-based startup focused on next-generation geothermal power, recently announced a $206 million fundraising round to progress its Cape Station project in southwest Utah. This financing includes venture capital and energy investors. It adds to Fervo’s earlier $556 million in equity and $220 million in debt. Now, their total capital is almost $1 billion.

Fracking for Heat: How Fervo’s EGS Breakthrough Works

Fervo employs Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS), which borrow technology from oil and gas drilling. It uses deep, horizontal wells and hydraulic stimulation to create heat zones in dry rock—sometimes called “fracking for heat”.

enhanced geothermal systems
Source: Horne, R. et al. (2025). Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/s44359-024-00019-9

In Nevada, Fervo’s pilot “Project Red” previously generated 3.5 MW with steady flow rates of 60 L/s, validating the EGS model. Cape Station will stack multiple horizontal wells to boost output to 400 MW by 2028.

The Utah project aims to deliver 100 MW of power by 2026 and scale to 500 MW by 2028—enough to supply nearly 500,000 homes. Fervo has sales agreements, including one for 320 MW with Southern California Edison. They plan to build the largest enhanced geothermal system plant in the world.

To fund this growth, Fervo raised $100 million from Breakthrough Energy Catalyst, $60 million in loan upsizing from Mercuria, and $45.6 million in bridge debt from XRL-ALC. Chief Financial Officer David Ulrey remarked on this significant fund raise, noting:

“These investments demonstrate what we’ve known all along: Fervo’s combination of technical excellence, commercial readiness, and market opportunity makes us a natural partner for serious energy capital.”

Hot Commodity: Why Geothermal Is Gaining Global Ground

Geothermal energy is becoming popular globally because it offers steady power all day. In 2023, its capacity utilization was 75%. In comparison, wind energy was at 30%, and solar was at 15%.

The broader geothermal market (including heat pumps) topped $7.5 billion in 2023 and could reach $9.2 billion by 2030, growing at about 3.1% annually. By mid-century, geothermal could play a major role in the clean energy mix.

The International Energy Agency (IEA) forecasts 800 GW of added geothermal capacity by 2050, supplying 15% of new electricity. In the U.S. alone, Enhanced Geothermal Systems may fill 90 GW of firm, zero-carbon power needs by 2050—enough for 65 million homes.

EGS sits at the cutting edge of geothermal technology. A Market Research Future study shows more rapid expansion, projecting growth from $6.9 billion in 2024 to $14.1 billion by 2034, at a 7.4% growth rate.

EGS market 2032
Source: Market Research Future

Notably, governments, oil and gas firms, and utilities are increasingly investing in geothermal energy. If next-generation technologies achieve major cost reductions, cumulative global investment could reach $1 trillion by 2035 and $2.5 trillion by 2050.

Cumulative investment for next-generation geothermal
Source: IEA report

Annual investment may peak at $140 billion, surpassing today’s global spending on onshore wind. As a dispatchable and clean power source, geothermal is attracting interest beyond traditional energy players.

Tech companies, in particular, are eyeing geothermal to meet the rising electricity demands of data centers. These tech giants are also considering this clean energy source for their emission reductions and net-zero targets.

Geothermal Energy’s Role in Reducing Greenhouse Gases 

Geothermal power plays a significant role in reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions compared to fossil fuels. Lifecycle studies, like those from the IPCC, show that geothermal electricity emits only 38–45 grams of CO₂ equivalent per kWh.

In comparison, coal emits 820 g CO₂/kWh, and natural gas emits 490 g CO₂/kWh. This means geothermal emits about 90% less CO₂ (or even up to 99%) than traditional power plants and ranks among the cleanest electricity sources.

Enhanced Geothermal Systems can reduce emissions over time. They may reach as low as 10 g CO₂/kWh. This is achieved by reinjecting geothermal fluids and reducing natural gas leakage.

With favorable global deployment, geothermal power could cut 500 million metric tons of CO₂ from electricity and 1.25 billion metric tons from heating and cooling by 2050. That’s like removing 26 million cars from the roads every year.

Geothermal energy is reliable 24/7. This means less dependence on carbon-heavy sources, like natural gas. That value rises as renewables like solar and wind grow because geothermal energy can smooth out fluctuations.

Moreover, geothermal energy has low emissions and reliable performance. It supports clean energy systems, reduces fossil fuel use, and helps countries meet climate goals. This makes it a strong ally in the battle against global warming.

High Stakes, High Rewards: The Economics Behind the Heat

Geothermal energy needs no fuel and offers stable costs, but initial development is expensive. Drilling accounts for over half its capital cost.

A typical geothermal well pair costs around $10 million for 4.5 MW, but EGS wells may exceed $4 million per MW. Studies show a 20% failure rate on wells—that means one in five dry holes.

However, costs are dropping. The U.S. aims for a capital cost of $3,700 per kW by 2035. This is a big drop from about $28,000 per kW in 2021. As a result, the LCOE could reach $45 per MWh. This would make it competitive with solar and wind-plus-storage. 

Congress and the Department of Energy support this shift, funding projects like Utah’s FORGE site, which de-risks new well and drilling methods and shares insights with startups like Fervo.

Geothermal also brings strong economic returns. Fervo estimates its Utah site will support 6,000 construction jobs and generate $437 million in local wages.

What’s Next for Fervo—and for the Future of Clean Baseload

While geothermal shows promise, Fervo and the broader industry face challenges. Each well costs tens of millions, and drilling carries technical risk and potential delays. EGS also faces regulatory hurdles and community concerns—especially in Southeast Asia, where rules and local engagement vary widely.

Globally, however, momentum is building. Governments aim for $1.7–2.9 trillion in nuclear and geothermal investment by 2050, with geothermal carving out a growing share. Private investors and tech firms are joining, and public research supports cost reductions and scalability.

Fervo’s upcoming Cape Station plant—with financing, off-take deals, and strong technology performance—could serve as a model for future geothermal development. If drilling costs fall and projects deliver on forecasts, geothermal may become a cornerstone of the clean-energy grid.

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Why Silver Is the New Gold: Top 3 Silver Stocks to Watch in 2025

silver

Silver is emerging as one of the most critical metals in the global shift toward green energy and high-tech innovation. While traditionally seen as a precious metal, silver now plays a central role in multiple industries—from solar energy and electric vehicles to medical devices and water purification.

Silver Goes Green: The Metal Powering a Sustainable Tomorrow

Unlike gold, which is primarily held as a store of value, silver enjoys strong industrial demand, making it a dynamic asset for investors. And in 2025, silver’s story is being driven by two big forces: skyrocketing green tech demand and tight supply.

Electronics and EV Growth

Silver is unmatched when it comes to electrical conductivity. It’s found in almost every smartphone, laptop, and electric car. The electronics industry alone consumed more than 200 million ounces of silver back in 2018, and that number is rising fast.

As electric vehicles become more popular, the metal’s demand can surge even further. Hybrid and EV production is expected to triple silver use in the auto sector by 2040, according to the Silver Institute.

silver demand
Source: The Silver Institute

Solar Power Surge

Silver is also a key ingredient in photovoltaic (PV) cells—the heart of solar panels. In 2025, silver demand from the solar sector is projected to account for 14% of global demand, up from 5% in 2014. Even as manufacturers reduce silver use per panel, the explosive growth in solar installations is driving total consumption higher. The Silver Institute expects a 20% increase in the solar PV market this year alone.

Other Green Uses:

Silver’s antimicrobial properties make it valuable for medical devices and coatings that prevent infections. It’s also used in catalysts to produce ethylene oxide, a critical compound for eco-friendly materials like antifreeze and textiles. On top of that, silver nanoparticles are now helping purify drinking water, a game-changing solution for underserved regions.

Silver Market 2025: Deficit Holds as Industrial Demand Breaks Records

The Silver Institute has highlighted that the global silver market is on track to post its fifth straight annual deficit in 2025. Although the shortfall may shrink by 19% to 149 million ounces (Moz), it will still remain one of the largest in recent years.

Let’s study how experts at The Silver Institute have portrayed the details of the silver market this year.

Industrial Demand Breaks New Ground

Global silver demand will hold steady at 1.20 billion ounces, with industrial use driving the market. As said before, silver demand in clean energy, electronics, and electric vehicles continues to climb. Industrial fabrication is set to rise by 3%, topping 700 Moz for the first time.

Photovoltaic installations will hit new highs despite policy shifts in the U.S., while vehicle electrification and AI-powered devices will further boost silver consumption. Demand will also grow in the ethylene oxide sector and brazing alloys.

Investment Rebounds, Jewelry Slows

Physical silver investment will rise by 3% as investors in Europe and North America adapt to higher prices. Easing profit-taking will also support the uptick. However, high local prices will likely prompt some Indian investors to sell, limiting the global recovery.

Jewelry demand is expected to drop by 6%. In India, soaring prices will drive a double-digit decline, while cautious spending in China will further weigh on sales. Western markets may hold up better as consumers shift from gold to branded silver jewelry. Meanwhile, global silverware demand will fall by 16%, led by a steep decline in Indian purchases.

silver supply and demand
Source: Metal Focus, Image taken from The Silver Institute

Supply Grows but Still Lags Behind Demand

Silver supply will grow by 3% to reach 1.05 billion ounces, the highest level in over a decade. Mine production will increase by 2% to 844 Moz, with expansions underway in China, Canada, Chile, and Morocco.

Silver recycling will rise by 5%, crossing the 200 Moz mark for the first time since 2012. Industrial scrap and India’s price-led recycling of jewelry and silverware will drive this growth. However, this supply is still in deficit for the growing demand.

Why Silver Stocks Are Heating Up in 2025

Silver stocks are gaining attention in 2025 as strong demand and tight supply push prices higher. It’s trading around $36.73/oz in June 2025 and is widely expected to break past $40/oz by mid-year.

silver price
Source: Investing.com

Furthermore, as industrial use of silver is growing fast, especially in solar panels, electric vehicles, and electronics, it’s helping silver companies grow and attract more investors.

At the same time, mine supply isn’t keeping up. Many new projects are delayed, and that’s limiting how much silver can be produced. This supply gap is boosting silver prices and making silver stocks more valuable.

Investors are also buying silver as a safe bet during uncertain times. The Silver Institute also pointed out that with high inflation, rising U.S. debt, and global trade tensions, many people are turning to silver as both a store of value and a key industrial metal.

Additionally, government support for clean energy is also lifting demand for silver. As this trend continues, silver stocks are set to benefit even more in 2025.

So, for investors looking to ride this wave, silver stocks offer high-leverage exposure to rising prices.

Top 3 Silver Stocks to Buy Now

These companies stand out for their performance, business models, and exposure to rising silver demand:

1. Wheaton Precious Metals (WPM)

Vancouver-based Wheaton is a top streaming company. Instead of mining, it signs contracts to buy silver and gold from other miners at fixed, low costs. This model reduces risk, ensures consistent margins, and lets Wheaton profit from price gains without high operating costs.

The company’s attributable silver production for 2025 is forecast at 20.5 to 22.5 million ounces

  • Stock Strength: WPM returned 54% in the last year and is up 133% over five years.
  • Investor Appeal: Ideal for conservative investors looking for reliable exposure to silver with less volatility than direct mining.

ESG Strategy

Wheaton plans to cut Scope 2 emissions by 50% by 2030 from a 2018 baseline of 38.5 tCO₂e. By 2040, it aims to align 80% of its Scope 3 financed emissions with 1.5˚C reduction targets.

Wheaton esg emission
Source: Wheaton

It funds climate solutions at partner sites and industry-wide to support the mining sector’s low-carbon shift. Its Climate Solutions Committee backs clean tech, innovation, and decarbonization projects. The company also launched the Future of Mining Challenge to promote emerging climate technologies.

2. Pan American Silver (PAAS)

Pan American Silver is one of the largest silver producers globally, with operations across Latin America. The company benefits from large economies, geographic diversity, and exposure to both silver and gold. La Colorada of Mexico is one of the company’s flagship mines, producing 7.1 million ounces (Moz) of silver in 2017.

  • Stock Strength: PAAS delivered 48% gains over one year and recently acquired Tahoe Resources to expand its footprint.
  • Investor Appeal: Great for investors who want exposure to mining operations and are looking for long-term production growth.

2025 Energy and Emissions Reduction Goals

PAAS’s latest sustainability report highlights that by 2025, the company aims to cut energy use by 67,000 GJ—around 1.1% of its projected total—and lower GHG emissions by 27,500 tCO₂e, or about 8.2% of its 2025 base case.

emissions Pan American Silver
Source: Pan American Silver

It also reaffirms its broader goal to reduce global Scope 1 and Scope 2 emissions by at least 30% by 2030.

3. MAG Silver (MAG)

MAG Silver is focused on developing high-grade silver projects, most notably the Juanicipio project in Mexico, in partnership with Fresnillo. The Juanicipio mine is one of the most promising silver projects globally, with low costs and strong margins.

  • Stock Strength: The stock surged 40% in the last year, with a 38% gain in the past six months as production ramped up.
  • Investor Appeal: Thanks to MAG’s aggressive growth profile, it is perfect for those seeking higher returns with a bit more risk.

Climate Commitment at Juanicipio Mine

MAG Silver is taking action to fight climate change and reduce its impact on the planet and local communities. The company follows a clear plan that supports its values, operations, and what its stakeholders expect.

It owns 44% of the Juanicipio Mine, while Fresnillo plc owns 56% and runs the site. Since this is MAG’s main asset, it includes 100% of the mine’s energy use and emissions in its own reports, even though Fresnillo reports them as the operator.

MAG silver
Source: Mag Silver
  • In 2023, the mine produced 21,614 tonnes of CO₂ emissions. Juanicipio was responsible for over 95% of this total.

Overall, experts predict silver prices to remain strong, making select silver stocks a good choice for long-term growth as clean energy demand increases. Factors like inflation, interest rates, and global clean energy policies can all influence silver prices, so staying informed on these trends can help with smarter investment decisions.

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Oklo Stock Soars After U.S. Air Force Nuclear Energy Deal

Oklo Stock Soars After U.S. Air Force Nuclear Energy Deal

The U.S. Air Force chose Oklo Inc., a nuclear energy startup based in California, as the preferred contractor to build a microreactor at its Eielson Base in Alaska. This step shows increasing military confidence in nuclear microreactor technology. It can provide off-grid power and heat in tough environments.

Oklo Nuclear: Powering the Future with Microreactors

Founded in 2013 by MIT engineers Jacob DeWitte and Caroline Cochran, Oklo develops small, advanced nuclear reactors. These reactors aim to provide clean and reliable energy.

These “Aurora” microreactors are smaller than regular nuclear power plants. They produce around 15 to 50 megawatts of electricity. That’s enough to power a small town, a military base, or a large industrial facility.

What makes the Aurora design unique is its ability to use recycled nuclear waste as fuel and run for up to 10 years without refueling. It also uses a fast-neutron spectrum and liquid metal cooling, allowing for a safer, more efficient design.

If the reactor overheats, the system slows the reaction. This removes the need for complex backup systems. Oklo aims to sell energy through long-term contracts, where it owns, operates, and maintains the reactor for the customer. This business model makes Oklo more like an energy service provider than a traditional reactor builder.

Steps Forward and Setbacks

In early 2025, Oklo finished drilling and site evaluations, which are necessary before construction starts. They must follow these steps before submitting a new licensing application to the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC).

Oklo submitted a combined license application to the NRC in 2020. However, it was rejected in 2022 because it lacked important technical information.

Despite the setback, the company has been working closely with regulators and plans to reapply later in 2025. If the NRC approves the application, Oklo could begin construction and possibly start generating power by 2027.

The company’s recent progress has also sparked interest from investors. After announcing the site preparation in Idaho, Oklo’s stock rose significantly. In 2025, its share price increased by more than 50% year-to-date and nearly 190% over the past 12 months. 

Oklo stock price
Source: Marketwatch

The market seems to be responding to the company’s momentum and its potential role in the next wave of clean energy innovation.

Alaskan Pilot with the Air Force: A Cold Test for Hot Tech

The recent deal with the US Department of Defense is a major event for Oklo. The DoD selected the company for a long-term power purchase agreement.

The agreement, still in the planning stage, involves building an Aurora microreactor at Eielson Air Force Base in Alaska. The base is about 26 miles southeast of Fairbanks. It is remote and hard to power using traditional methods.

Under the plan, Oklo will design, build, own, and operate the microreactor on-site. The reactor is expected to provide up to 75 megawatts of electric and thermal energy to the base. This energy setup lets the base run on its own. It also cuts down on the need for costly fuel deliveries, which can be tough during harsh Alaskan winters.

While the Notice of Intent from the U.S. Air Force shows a strong commitment to working with Oklo, the project is not yet finalized. It still needs NRC licensing approval, final contract negotiations, and further planning.

This is not the first time Eielson AFB has been involved in a microreactor plan. In 2023, a similar deal was canceled. This happened because of delays in regulatory permits and unclear timelines. This time, Oklo hopes its improved design and updated application will clear those hurdles.

If everything goes according to plan, Oklo could begin delivering power to Eielson as early as 2028. The project supports the Department of Defense’s goal. It aims to enhance energy security at military sites.

Also, it seeks to lower carbon emissions by using small, local clean energy sources. The US military is pursuing similar goal of powering its bases with nuclear. 

Small Reactors, Big Future: Beyond the Arctic Circle

Oklo’s work is part of a larger movement toward small modular reactors (SMRs) and microreactors that aim to provide carbon-free power in places where wind and solar are not reliable. These advanced nuclear technologies are gaining attention not only from the military but also from tech companies and industrial users.

In 2025, big data center operators and cloud providers like Amazon, Google, and Switch showed interest in teaming up with nuclear companies. They want to secure long-term power for their operations.

Oklo is looking beyond Alaska. It plans to develop other projects in Idaho and Ohio, targeting a range of customers from local governments to private companies. The company’s approach—combining long-term contracts with on-site operation—could offer a flexible solution to growing global energy needs.

Global nuclear power is expected to grow rapidly as countries seek clean, reliable energy. The IEA projects capacity to rise from 416 GW in 2023 to 647 GW by 2050 under current policies, and over 1,000 GW with stronger climate action. SMRs will play a major role, with capacity potentially reaching 190 GW by 2050.

nuclear energy investment outlook by type 2050
Source: IEA report

China leads SMR deployment, followed by North America and Europe. Total global investment in nuclear could hit $2.9 trillion by 2050, with SMRs making up $670 billion.

Below is the map showing the SMR initiatives worldwide in various development stages.

SMR globbal map

However, there are still some concerns. One issue is nuclear proliferation. Aurora reactors use high-assay low-enriched uranium (HALEU). This type has more uranium-235 than regular nuclear fuel.

In some cases, the design may involve plutonium-based fuels from recycled waste. Critics worry that these materials, if not properly secured, could be diverted for use in weapons.

In response, Oklo claims its design traps plutonium in radioactive waste. This makes it hard and risky to extract for other uses.

Oklo’s Nuclear Peers: Who Else Is Powering Up?

Alongside Oklo, several companies are advancing nuclear energy through SMRs and microreactors.

NuScale Power, based in Oregon, is a public company whose VOYGR‑6 SMR design (462 MWe) was approved in May 2025, building on its earlier VOYGR‑4 certification in 2023. It leads the SMR field with NRC design approval and a growing project pipeline.

TerraPower, backed by Bill Gates, is developing the Natrium reactor—a 345 MWe sodium‑cooled system paired with 1 GWh molten salt energy storage. Construction began in 2024, with commercial operation targeted by 2030.

Kairos Power focuses on fluoride‑salt high‑temperature reactors. It received NRC approval for its Hermes demonstration reactor in Tennessee and has a deal with Google to supply AI data centers by 2030.

Oklo’s Aurora microreactor represents a bold step forward in the future of clean, decentralized energy. Backed by the U.S. Air Force and rising investor trust, the company shows that small nuclear can significantly power remote sites, military bases, and tech infrastructure. While challenges remain, Oklo’s progress signals that microreactors may soon become a practical solution to both energy security and climate goals.

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U.S. Senators Introduce New Act to Reduce Wildfire Risk And Boost Carbon Removal

Senators Sheldon Whitehouse and Adam Schiff have introduced the Wildfire Reduction and Carbon Removal Act of 2025. Known as S.1842, the bill offers tax credits to support biomass carbon removal—a method that reduces wildfire risk and cuts carbon emissions at the same time.

Lawmakers hope it will encourage private investment and improve forest management. This is especially important as wildfire seasons become more destructive.

What Does the Wildfire Reduction and Carbon Removal Act Aim to Do?

The act encourages the use of forest biomass, like dead trees, fallen branches, and overgrown underbrush, to remove carbon and reduce wildfire risks. Normally, this material decays or burns, releasing carbon dioxide (CO₂) into the atmosphere. But by converting it into long-lasting products such as biochar or storing it underground, carbon is kept out of the air.

This method, known as Biomass Carbon Removal and Storage (BiCRS), helps create healthier forests. It also reduces fire risk in states like California, Oregon, and Colorado.

According to the National Interagency Fire Center, wildfires destroyed almost 9 million acres in the U.S. in 2024. This number could further rise due to hotter, drier conditions driven by climate change.

Senator Whitehouse described the initiative as a response to a “twin crisis of climate change and catastrophic wildfires,” calling for stronger land management and climate action. He specifically noted:

“Climate change is making wildfires more intense and more destructive, increasingly putting lives, communities, and our entire economy at risk. Carbon removal is a key tool in our arsenal to mitigate these disasters, protect families’ health, and address the economy-wide harms from the climate crisis.”

The bill also aligns with the U.S. goal to cut greenhouse gas emissions by 50–52% below 2005 levels by 2030.

How Do Tax Credits Work in This Plan?

The act offers tax credits to companies and landowners, helping make biomass projects cheaper. The credits apply to those who use verified carbon removal practices. These incentives help cover the cost of converting biomass into useful products or storing it safely.

By doing this, the bill encourages new investment while also creating jobs in forestry, carbon capture, and clean technology. Senator Schiff stated the bill will be the ‘carrot’ to incentivize responsible management of the forests.

This approach also shifts spending from emergency response to prevention. In 2023, the U.S. Forest Service spent more than $3 billion on wildfire suppression. With this bill, money would be used earlier to improve forest conditions and prevent major fire outbreaks.

wildfire suppression cost in US 2023
Source: Statista

The act provides grants and funding for small and rural communities. These areas often face the worst impacts from wildfires and economic struggles. These areas could receive support for job training and project development under the new law.

How Does the Bill Affect the Environment and Emissions?

The BiCRS strategy removes carbon from the atmosphere and stores it in a stable form. For example, turning extra plant material into biochar captures carbon. It also boosts soil health and helps retain water.

Wildfire smoke contains large amounts of CO₂, methane, and black carbon—all greenhouse gases that worsen climate change. Cutting fuel loads in forests makes wildfires less intense. It also helps them spread slowly, which reduces emissions a lot.

As seen in the chart below, wildfires released almost 160 million tonnes of CO₂ last year. Globally, it’s over 6 billion tonnes of carbon emissions. Governments are looking for ways to effectively manage wildfires and cut their polluting emissions. 

annual-carbon-dioxide-emissions
Source: OurWorldinData

Studies from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) show that biochar can lock away carbon for hundreds to thousands of years. When applied to soil, it also boosts crop yields and reduces the need for fertilizers, lowering emissions even further.

The bill encourages actions that help reduce emissions now and protect the environment in the long run. It helps keep biodiversity by protecting forest ecosystems. These forests act as carbon sinks and homes for wildlife.

What Is the Carbon and Financial Blueprint Behind the Bill?

The Wildfire Reduction and Carbon Removal Act fits into the fast-growing carbon credit and green finance market. High-quality, verifiable carbon removal is in high demand as businesses seek to meet net-zero goals.

The global carbon market was valued at $851 billion in 2022 and could reach $2 trillion by 2030, according to a market report.

The bill helps carbon trading by creating more certified offsets through biomass removal. This also ensures real environmental benefits. This positions the U.S. as a leader in setting standards for durable carbon removal.

Moreover, landowners and tribal governments can benefit from carbon offset programs. They receive compensation for taking care of forests.

What Market Shifts Could This Bill Trigger?

The bill may accelerate several market trends, such as:

  • Growth in biochar production. The global biochar market is projected to reach $1.5 billion by 2030, growing at nearly 12% per year.
  • Expansion of carbon removal start-ups. Venture capital in the carbon removal space reached over $1 billion globally in 2023 alone.
  • Increased demand for monitoring and verification tech. Satellite imaging, AI-driven forestry tools, and soil carbon sensors will be vital in tracking carbon outcomes.

The law could also shift capital from traditional fossil fuel industries to sustainable practices. It supports “climate resilience” jobs. These jobs range from fire risk mapping to running biomass conversion facilities.

Communities in the western U.S. stand to benefit the most. States like Arizona, Montana, California, and Washington face high wildfire risk and need more economic diversity. They could use this act to start new local industries.

Can the Plan Deliver on Its Goals?

The act depends on careful design and monitoring. For example, it requires clear guidelines on how much biomass can be removed without harming ecosystems. It also sets strict rules for verifying tax credits. This ensures that only real and measurable carbon reductions are rewarded.

Researchers and environmental groups want a science-first approach. They aim to ensure carbon stays stored for the long term. With this fact, the bill supports partnerships with universities and research labs. This will help improve carbon modeling and land management tools.

If passed and done right, this law could cut emissions by millions of tonnes each year. It could also lower costs linked to wildfires and help start new climate-friendly businesses.

Instead of treating forest waste as a problem, the Wildfire Reduction and Carbon Removal Act treats it as a resource. The tools and lessons from this act could guide future policies, especially as the U.S. works to meet its 2030 and 2050 climate targets.

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