Can Apple Win The Race to Net Zero With Its Bold Clean Energy Plan?

Apple’s ambitious clean energy plan has positioned the company as a leader in the tech industry’s fight against climate change. With a clear goal of becoming carbon neutral across its entire supply chain by 2030, Apple is accelerating its data centers’ transformation while aligning with its broader net-zero emissions strategy. 

Will the company make it and reach its bold carbon neutrality goals? Let’s take a closer look at how the iPhone maker plans to achieve its ambitious climate targets.

Apple’s Bold Path to a Cleaner, Greener Future

Apple’s journey to 2030 revolves around reducing its emissions across Scope 1, 2, and 3 categories by 75%. The tech giant will then offset the remaining emissions with carbon removal initiatives.

Apple has already achieved significant milestones in reducing its emissions, cutting them by over 55% since 2015. The company’s approach involves decarbonizing its three main emission sources: materials, electricity, and transportation. By addressing these three areas, Apple aims to achieve a balance between reducing its footprint and supporting renewable energy solutions.

Chart from Apple 2024 Environmental Report

A critical component of Apple’s clean energy strategy is its shift toward 100% clean energy across its facilities. The company reached a significant milestone in 2018 by sourcing 100% renewable energy for its offices, retail stores, and data centers. This progress laid the foundation for Apple’s broader commitment to become carbon neutral throughout its supply chain, setting an example for other companies to follow.

Quenching Data Center’s Thirst for Power

Data centers are among the most energy-intensive operations for tech companies. Apple’s data centers require substantial resources to cool the servers and IT equipment, making them a key focus for the company’s clean energy initiatives.

One of Apple’s key efforts is optimizing its server designs for improved energy efficiency, saving over 36 million kilowatt-hours annually in 2023 alone. The tech giant’s data centers consumed 2.344 billion kWh of electricity in the same year, up from the previous year’s 2.14 billion.

Despite the massive energy use, 100% of this electricity came from renewable sources, including solar, wind, biogas, and low-impact hydropower. Additionally, its colocation data center energy use dropped slightly to 483 million kWh, though overall colocation power consumption increased. 

Chart from Apple 2024 Environmental Report

To sustain its clean energy goals, Apple is building its own renewable power projects and collaborating with utilities. The company’s data centers have been powered by renewable energy since 2014, leading to a 54% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. Supporting services like iCloud and Siri, Apple serves one billion users globally. 

The company’s energy-efficient cooling systems also play a significant role in minimizing energy usage, further boosting the overall efficiency of its data centers. 

Apple’s data center acceleration plays a crucial role in the company’s overall net-zero emissions plan. By maintaining 100% clean energy at its data centers, Apple reduces the carbon footprint associated with its digital infrastructure. This combination of clean energy and energy efficiency is essential to Apple’s broader goal of achieving carbon neutrality by 2030.

SEE MORE: Is Apple Leading the Way in Tech and Sustainability? Q3 Results Beat Expectations

Green Inside and Out: Recycled Materials and Product Energy Efficiency

A key part of Apple’s clean energy plan involves the transition to using 100% recycled and renewable materials in its products. The iPhone maker has made significant progress in this area. 

In 2023, 22% of materials in shipped products were from recycled or renewable sources. By 2025, Apple plans to use 100% recycled cobalt in all Apple-designed batteries and 100% recycled gold plating in its circuit boards. It also aims to use recycled rare earth elements in magnets. 

The company has prioritized 15 key materials, including aluminum, cobalt, gold, and lithium, based on environmental, social, and supply chain impacts. These materials represented 87% of the total product mass shipped in 2023, advancing Apple’s sustainability goals.

Chart from Apple 2024 Environmental Report

Product energy efficiency is another critical element of Apple’s carbon emissions reduction. As the use of Apple products accounts for 29% of its gross carbon footprint, the company continues to innovate in product design to enhance energy efficiency. Since 2008, Apple has cut overall energy use across its product lines by more than 70%.

RELATED: Apple’s iPhone 16 Slashes Carbon Footprint by 30%

The transition to Apple Silicon chips, particularly in its Mac devices, has driven significant energy efficiency improvements. For instance, the M2 Mac mini reduced energy use while enhancing performance, and the A15 Bionic chip eliminated the need for internal fans, further reducing energy consumption. 

Apple’s efforts have led to all eligible products receiving ENERGY STAR ratings, reinforcing their superior energy efficiency.

How Apple’s Supply Chain Partners Are Going Green

Apple’s net-zero emissions plan goes beyond its internal operations, extending to its supply chain. The Supplier Clean Energy Program, launched in 2015, is a cornerstone of Apple’s decarbonization efforts. This initiative encourages suppliers to transition to 100% renewable electricity in the production of Apple products. 

As of March 2024, over 320 suppliers, representing 95% of Apple’s direct manufacturing spend, have committed to using 100% renewable electricity.

To further accelerate progress, Apple has integrated renewable energy requirements into its Supplier Code of Conduct, requiring all direct suppliers to adopt clean energy practices. This shift is not only a critical step toward achieving Apple’s 2030 carbon neutrality goal but also serves as a blueprint for other companies aiming to reduce their carbon footprints. 

Apple’s commitment to driving industry-wide change makes its supply chain decarbonization a model for global corporate sustainability efforts.

Carbon Removal Credits: The Final Piece in Apple’s Climate Puzzle

While Apple’s primary focus is on reducing emissions, some emissions remain unavoidable with current technologies. For those emissions, Apple is investing in carbon offset projects, including nature-based solutions like forest restoration and mangrove planting. These projects aim to sequester carbon, with an emphasis on transparency, permanence, and measurable impacts.

In March 2024, Apple’s initial $200 million investment in carbon removals through its Restore Fund has grown to $280 million. The fund focuses on supporting nature-based carbon removal projects.

The company’s roadmap includes a clear vision for achieving long-term sustainability goals, including a 90% reduction in emissions by 2050. Though challenges remain, Apple’s leadership in clean energy, data center acceleration, and net-zero emissions serves as a powerful example of how corporations can drive meaningful change in the fight against climate change.

The post Can Apple Win The Race to Net Zero With Its Bold Clean Energy Plan? appeared first on Carbon Credits.

Seizing the Lithium Boom: Rio Tinto’s $6.7 Billion Deal for Arcadium Lithium

In a major strategic move, Rio Tinto has agreed to acquire U.S.-based Arcadium Lithium for $6.7 billion, marking a significant step in transforming it into a global leader in the lithium market. The all-cash deal, offering a 90% premium to Arcadium’s share price, positions Rio Tinto as the world’s third-largest producer of lithium which is a critical component in electric vehicle (EV) batteries and energy storage solutions.

Significantly, this acquisition, announced on October 9, underscores Rio Tinto’s commitment to the energy transition by expanding its footprint in low-carbon, high-demand raw materials.

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Why Rio Tinto’s Moment for Lithium is Now?

Lithium prices have recently dipped due to oversupply and slowed EV sales in China, but Rio Tinto’s CEO Jakob Stausholm remains confident about lithium’s long-term trend. The company expects lithium demand to grow by over 10% annually through 2040, driven by the global push toward electrification.

Jakob Stausholm, CEO of Rio Tinto CEO explained,

“Acquiring Arcadium Lithium is a significant step forward in Rio Tinto’s long-term strategy, creating a world-class lithium business alongside our leading aluminum and copper operations to supply materials needed for the energy transition. Arcadium Lithium is an outstanding business today and we will bring our scale, development capabilities, and financial strength to realize the full potential of its Tier 1 portfolio. This is a counter-cyclical expansion aligned with our disciplined capital allocation framework, increasing our exposure to a high-growth, attractive market at the right point in the cycle.”

The mining giant has been facing challenges in the lithium market, notably with its Jadar project in Serbia, which has encountered local opposition and regulatory delays. Thus, the acquisition of Arcadium is an instant boost to Rio Tinto’s lithium production capacity, giving the company access to resources that are already operational or nearing completion.

This acquisition not only strengthens Rio Tinto’s position in the rapidly growing EV market but also provides access to major automakers like Tesla, BMW, and General Motors.

LATEST: Driving Decarbonization: Rio Tinto and Green Lithium to Boost EU Lithium Supply 

Arcadium’s Role in Expanding Rio Tinto’s Lithium Capacity

Arcadium Lithium has quickly become a global leader in sustainable lithium production. It has operating resources in Argentina and Australia and downstream conversion assets in the U.S., China, Japan, and the U.K. Notably, In the U.S. the company has an exclusive integrated mine-to-metal production facility in the Western Hemisphere for high-purity lithium metal.

The company leads the industry in lithium extraction, excelling in hard-rock mining, brine extraction, and direct lithium extraction (DLE). It also specializes in manufacturing lithium chemicals for high-performance applications.

Arcadium Lithium’s CEO Paul Graves expressed his sentiment,

 “We are confident that this is a compelling cash offer that reflects a full and fair long-term value for our business and de-risks our shareholders’ exposure to the execution of our development portfolio and market volatility. This agreement with Rio Tinto demonstrates the value in what we have built over many years at Arcadium Lithium and its predecessor companies, and we are excited that this transaction will give us the opportunity to accelerate and expand our strategy, for the benefit of our customers, our employees, and the communities in which we operate.”

Paul praised the company for its broad range of lithium products and world-class manufacturing network, backed by advanced technology and expertise. Its diverse customer base, including Tesla, BMW, and General Motors, enhances Rio Tinto’s focus on sustainable industries.

Harnessing Quebec’s Hydropower

Furthermore, Arcadium’s operations, particularly in Quebec, are well-aligned with Rio Tinto’s focus on low-carbon solutions. Both companies utilize Quebec’s hydropower resources, which are critical for sustainable lithium production. This would help Rio produce lithium with a lower carbon footprint, thereby showcasing its sustainable mining practices.

With Arcadium’s plans to have 2X production capacity by 2028, Rio Tinto is poised to play a major role in the global supply of lithium in the future. As demand for clean energy materials continues to rise, the company’s ability to supply high-quality, sustainably produced lithium will be a key factor in its success.

Strategic and Financial Win: A Summary

Rio Tinto’s acquisition of Arcadium will leverage its scale, development skills, and financial strength to maximize Arcadium’s portfolio. The press release has summarized it somewhat this way:

Complementary Strengths

Rio Tinto’s financial strength and proven project management will help speed up the development of Arcadium’s top assets. Both companies have a strong presence in Argentina and Quebec, where Rio Tinto plans to create world-class lithium hubs.

On the other hand, Arcadium’s Tier 1 assets have consistently delivered high profits. With these resources, the company expects to increase its capacity by 130% by 2028. They envision to control the largest lithium resource base in the world in the future.

Solid Financial Gains

This acquisition promises substantial financial gains. Expected production growth will boost profits and cash flow in the future. It follows Rio Tinto’s disciplined capital strategy and will unlock great value for shareholders. Arcadium’s capital spending will make up about 5% of Rio Tinto’s projected $10 billion group expenditure for 2025 and 2026. Even with this, Rio Tinto will maintain its strong balance sheet and credit rating.

Closing the Deal

The acquisition is expected to close by mid-2025 and is pending for regulatory approvals and shareholders’ consent. Both companies’ boards have unanimously approved the deal, and early indications suggest a smooth path to completion.

Once the deal closes, Rio Tinto plans to integrate Arcadium’s operations with its existing lithium assets. Subsequently it would create a new business unit focused on lithium production and processing. The company has also expressed its commitment to retaining Arcadium’s workforce with the new beginning.

Jakob Stausholm assured further saying,

“We look forward to building on Arcadium Lithium’s contributions to the countries and communities where it operates, drawing on the strong presence we already have in these regions. Our team has deep conviction in the long-term value that combining our offerings will deliver to all stakeholders.”

Projections from the International Energy Agency (IEA) indicate that lithium demand will significantly increase, with the EVs and grid battery storage sectors—currently responsible for about 60% of total demand. This is expected to rise to approximately 90% by 2050 under both the Stated Policies (STEPS) and Net Zero Emissions (NZE) scenarios.

Source: Procured from Arcadium’s sustainability report, originally from IEA.

Thus, we hope by the time the market rebounds, Rio Tinto will be well-positioned to meet soaring demand with an expanded and diversified lithium portfolio.

READ MORE: Li-FT Power Reveals Initial Mineral Resource of 50.4 Million Tonnes at Yellowknife Lithium Project 

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Volvo Gives Carbon Pricing a Go While Audi, BMW, Mercedes-Benz Also Lead the Green Charge

Electrification is rapidly transforming the automotive industry, with leading companies like Volvo, Mercedes-Benz, Audi, and BMW innovating to tackle their carbon emissions, paving the way toward cleaner transportation.

At the IAA Transportation show in Hannover, Germany, Volvo Trucks president Roger Alm discussed the company’s leadership in the electric truck market and its plans for the future. Volvo Trucks currently dominates the sector, holding a 51% market share in Europe and 40% in the US. 

In the first half of 2024 alone, the company delivered over 2,500 electric trucks in Europe, with more than half coming from Volvo Trucks. The company’s early investment in electric vehicles (EVs), which began 5 years ago, has positioned it as a key player, with over 4,200 battery-electric trucks now operating in 48 countries.

Volvo’s Decarbonization and The Role of Carbon Pricing

The European EV maker is actively working to reduce fuel consumption by up to 10% in conventional trucks and by 5-8% in cab-over models, a dual approach to sustainability. Volvo Trucks is also expanding its electric truck lineup from 6 to 8 models, aiming to offer more options to customers across different segments. 

However, scaling up electric truck production comes with challenges, especially as government subsidies for electric trucks have ended in countries like Germany. Despite these challenges, Alm remains optimistic. He recognizes the need for collaboration across sectors to build the necessary infrastructure, including a robust grid and charging network.

Notably, the EV maker’s president highlighted the role of carbon pricing in accelerating the transition to electric trucks. While subsidies have been helpful, he believes that carbon pricing will be crucial in leveling the playing field and driving competition in the industry. By putting a price on carbon emissions, companies will be incentivized to reduce their carbon footprint, making the shift to low-emission vehicles more economically viable.

By internalizing these costs through taxes on carbon emissions, companies are encouraged to reduce pollution and create more sustainable products. Alm sees this as a necessary step for the EV revolution to succeed.

Volvo Group has committed to achieving net-zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions across its entire value chain by 2040. This target is ten years earlier than the Science Based Targets Initiative (SBTi) goal.

Volvo’s targets focus on cutting carbon emissions by 40% per vehicle kilometer for trucks and buses by 2030. 

Chart from the company website

Around 95% of Volvo’s emissions come from the use of sold products, and their plan prioritizes indirect emissions reductions. The company’s strategy emphasizes decarbonization through energy-efficient technologies, increasing renewable energy use, and circular business models.

Volvo’s Electrifying Lead

The German carmaker is focusing on key areas like battery-electric and hydrogen-powered trucks while advancing sustainable energy sources throughout its supply chain. The company works closely with partners to ensure sustainability is embedded into every stage of the production and operational process, from sourcing materials to end-of-life vehicle recycling.

Alm stressed the importance of offering a wide range of solutions to meet the diverse needs of the transportation industry. For example, long-haul transport has traditionally posed challenges for electric vehicles due to range limitations. This is where Volvo comes in with a new model designed for long-distance routes, offering a 600-kilometer range. This innovation includes the integration of a new e-axle technology, marking a significant step forward for long-distance electric transport.

Alm hinted at further developments in the future, yet he remains confident that Volvo will continue leading the industry forward. Volvo’s major rivals in the EV sector are also innovating to cut carbon emissions from their operations and supply chains. 

From Luxury to Sustainability: Mercedes-Benz’s Carbon-Neutral Ambitions

Mercedes-Benz is targeting carbon neutrality for its entire new vehicle fleet by 2039, driven by its “Ambition 2039” plan. The company has been carbon-neutral at all production sites since 2022, relying on renewables and sustainable practices to reduce emissions. 

Image from the company website

The German luxury carmaker is expanding its EV offerings, aiming for electric cars to account for 50% of its 2030 sales. Additionally, the company is working to minimize emissions throughout its value chain. Major decarbonization strategies include collaborating with suppliers and embracing circular economy principles to reduce waste and resource consumption.

Mercedes-Benz is a founding member of the “Transform to Net Zero” (TONZ) initiative, which brings together global companies to accelerate climate action and achieve net-zero emissions across industries. The carmaker focuses on sustainable solutions and customer demand for making climate-friendly luxury vehicles, promoting the automotive industry’s transition to a low-carbon future.

READ MORE: Mercedes-Benz Reveals First-Ever Electric G-Wagon

Audi’s Road to 100% Electric 

Audi is committed to achieving net-zero carbon emissions by 2050 and reducing its environmental impact. Its latest decarbonization efforts focus on reducing CO₂ emissions across its entire value chain. 

By 2025, Audi aims to cut emissions by 40% per vehicle compared to 2015 levels. The brand plans to offer only fully electric cars by 2033, contributing to its transition towards cleaner energy. 

Image from the company website

Audi’s e-mobility strategy plays a pivotal role, with the company expanding its lineup of EVs and incorporating sustainable energy sources at all production sites. Their “Mission” program focuses on making global manufacturing operations carbon-neutral by 2025, including the Brussels and Győr sites that are already carbon-neutral. 

Additionally, Audi promotes recycling materials like aluminum to reduce resource consumption and help minimize the environmental impact of raw material extraction.

BMW’s Circular Strategy 

Another German brand, BMW aims to achieve a 40% reduction in CO₂ emissions across its vehicle lifecycle by 2030, compared to 2019. The company focuses on reducing carbon footprints from raw material extraction to end-of-life recycling. To support this, BMW sources 100% renewable energy for its production sites and has reduced production-related emissions by over 70% since 2006. 

Moreover, BMW aims to reduce Scope 1 and 2 emissions by 80% between 2019 and 2030. Circular economy principles are integral to BMW’s strategy, with a focus on recycling materials like high-voltage batteries, aluminum, and steel.

Despite best efforts to reduce emissions, some are inevitable. To reach its ambitious climate targets, BMW is committed to offsetting these unavoidable emissions. This approach ensures that even as the company strives to reduce emissions throughout its operations, any remaining carbon output is balanced by supporting verified carbon offset projects. 

These initiatives include investing in renewable energy, reforestation, and other carbon removal solutions. BMW’s vision is not only to deliver premium electric vehicles but to lead in reducing emissions throughout the automotive sector.

As electric mobility accelerates, these major electric automakers are setting the pace for sustainable, carbon-free transportation. If other carmakers like Volvo would embrace carbon pricing, accelerating to full electrification may not be a far possibility. 

SEE MORE: Is the EV Market’s Momentum Slowing? Bloomberg Outlook

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AI-Powered Mineral Exploration: Billionaires-Backed Kobold Metals Raised $491 Million

Kobold Metals, a Berkeley, California-based startup, has raised $491 million out of its targeted $527 million funding round, as revealed in a recent regulatory filing. The company specializes in using artificial intelligence (AI) to discover new deposits of critical minerals like lithium and copper, which are essential for the global energy transition. 

Kobold Metals is supported by a roster of high-profile backers, including billionaire investors Bill Gates, Jack Ma, and Jeff Bezos. In addition, prominent venture capital firms Andreessen Horowitz and T. Rowe Price co-led its previous funding round.

How Kobold Metals is Revolutionizing Mineral Exploration

Founded in 2018, Kobold Metals reached a valuation of $1 billion last year. According to The Wall Street Journal, the company aims to increase its valuation to $2 billion with the completion of the current funding round. 

Once finalized, this will be one of the largest climate-tech capital raises of 2024, trailing only the $621 million Series E round by Ascend Elements, a company focused on renewable battery production, based on data from PitchBook.

The company has gained attention for its innovative use of machine learning and computer vision technologies to locate rare earth minerals. These minerals, particularly copper and lithium, are crucial for developing electric vehicles (EVs), renewable energy storage, and other technologies that are key to the global shift toward greener energy systems. 

By deploying AI, Kobold Metals aims to expedite the discovery of these resources, reducing the time and financial costs traditionally associated with mineral exploration.

Kobold Metals’ pursuit of battery metals started 3 years ago in northern Quebec, Canada, where the company detected lithium near Glencore’s Raglan nickel mine. Since then, Kobold has expanded its exploration to about a dozen properties across Zambia, Quebec, Saskatchewan, Ontario, and Western Australia. 

These ventures are often formed through joint partnerships, including collaborations with BHP and BlueJay Mining to explore critical minerals in Greenland. 

Kobold’s AI Maps the Future of Critical Minerals

The mining startup aims to build what it describes as a “Google Maps” of the planet’s underground mineral deposits. By leveraging AI, Kobold can collect and analyze various data streams — including historical drilling data, satellite images, and geological surveys — to identify areas with a high potential for new mineral discoveries. The AI applies algorithms to this data, identifying geological patterns that suggest the presence of minerals.

Visual from the company website. Machine Prospector – a continually evolving system nade up of a growing repository of proprietary machine learning, data processing, and artificial intelligence modules, used to assess prospects and guide decisions at a global scale.

Kobold’s technology gives it a distinct edge, enabling it to locate resources that traditional geological methods might miss. This AI-driven approach helps the company pinpoint where mineral deposits are most likely to be found. It also aids miners in deciding which land to acquire and where to drill. 

Despite the technological advances and strategic partnerships, the broader battery metals market has seen some turbulence. Lithium, a key component in electric vehicle batteries, experienced a two-year rally that peaked in 2022. 

LITHIUM COMPANY SPOTLIGHT: The Fastest Developing North American Lithium Junior

However, the market has since collapsed due to an oversupply and slower-than-anticipated growth in battery demand. Rising interest rates have further dampened global EV sales, leading some automakers to scale back their production targets. According to Benchmark Mineral Intelligence, a consultancy firm, the lithium market is expected to remain in surplus until 2028.

One of the Silicon Valley firm’s primary goals is addressing this supply gap necessary to electrify transportation. The company projects that this gap, particularly for lithium, will reach a staggering $5 trillion

Chart from Kobold Metals

Meeting this demand is critical to supporting the global shift toward electric vehicles and sustainable energy, as lithium is a key component in battery production. This underscores the urgent need for scaling up lithium mining and refining capabilities to accelerate the transition to a greener future.

In December last year, Kobold revealed intent to discover lithium in the U.S., Canada, Australia, Canada, and Africa. 

From Lithium to Copper: The Race to Power the Global Energy Transition

Apart from lithium, a significant driver of Kobold’s growth has been its July 2024 announcement that its AI technology had successfully discovered a massive copper deposit in Zambia. This finding marks the largest copper discovery in over a decade. It then positioned the company as a pioneering force in modern mineral exploration. 

Copper, in particular, is in high demand due to its critical role in electrical wiring and renewable energy infrastructure, such as wind turbines and solar panels.

With an estimated global demand for copper projected to reach 30 million metric tons by 2030, Kobold aims to efficiently locate high-potential copper deposits through advanced machine-learning techniques. As the EV market grows, the demand for copper is expected to increase significantly. Each electric vehicle requires about 80 kg of copper for wiring and components. 

The timing of Kobold’s funding round comes amid increasing demand for raw materials essential for the energy transition. As governments and corporations worldwide push for decarbonization and renewable energy adoption, the need for materials like lithium and copper has soared. 

According to industry experts, securing access to these resources is paramount to achieving climate goals, and companies like Kobold Metals are uniquely positioned to meet that demand.

READ MORE: DOE Supercharges the U.S. Battery and Critical Minerals Industry with $3 Billion Boost

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What Does the U.S. Need to Triple Its Nuclear Capacity by 2050? DOE Explains…

To hit its 2050 decarbonization targets, the U.S. is focused on tripling its nuclear power, adding over 200 GW of new capacity. Net-zero models highlight the need for this expansion, but how will the U.S. make it happen? The key strategies include deploying advanced reactors, streamlining regulations, boosting public-private partnerships, and investing in critical infrastructure. These steps will pave the way for a cleaner, more sustainable energy future.

The U.S. currently operates 94 nuclear reactors across 54 sites, providing about 20% of the nation’s electricity and nearly half of its carbon-free energy. These reactors are Light Water Reactors (LWRs), with 63 pressurized water reactors and 31 boiling water reactors. The average capacity of these reactors is 1031 MW, with the smallest at 519 MW and the largest at 1401 MW.

Unlocking the U.S. Nuclear Energy Future with Gen III+ and IV Reactors

The DOE has explained the need for both Gen III+ and Generation IV reactors to meet the 3X capacity by 2050. For example, LWRs, bolstered by the recently launched Gen III+ reactors at Vogtle are highly efficient in meeting the immediate energy demands.

Generation IV reactors, on the other hand, offer the advantage of producing higher temperatures, which are ideal for industrial uses. Although some of these designs date back to the 1950s, they have limited operational experience. This means they will need significant investment to reach commercial viability.

Advanced nuclear includes Gen III+ and Gen IV reactors of all sizes

Source: DOE report

Cost Efficiency, Selection, and Standardization of Nuclear Reactors

Making nuclear energy more affordable hinges on selecting and standardizing reactor designs. Different markets, however, need other solutions that are ideal for large-scale electricity generation, such as powering data centers. In contrast, industries needing high heat or steam may benefit from next-gen technologies like Gen IV reactors. Remote areas may require more specialized designs.

Multi-unit plants help cut costs, with a 30% per megawatt-hour saving compared to single-unit plants. While 19 sites host a single reactor, others have two or more, and Vogtle stands out with four reactors. Public support for nuclear energy remains strong, with 91% of residents near plants backing it.

Many current nuclear sites could expand with new reactors like Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) or larger designs. For example, North Carolina’s Shearon Harris plant, originally designed for four reactors, runs just one. SMRs, which are smaller than 350 MW, are seen as a key to reducing costs through factory production. Their small size makes them useful for remote areas, military bases, and industries that rely on expensive diesel generators. Similarly, microreactors which are generally smaller than 50 MW are often used for the same purpose.

To succeed, SMR construction must maximize factory production. Additionally, reducing on-site construction will help lower costs and make nuclear energy more competitive.

Source: DOE report

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The 3 Phases to Achieve Nuclear Liftoff by 2050

A Robust Orderbook

The first step to nuclear expansion is securing 5–10 reactor orders by 2025. This committed orderbook is key for suppliers to invest in manufacturing and reduce costs. Early orders will allow the industry to ramp up production without overloading the supply chain. Delaying these orders until 2030 would raise costs by over 50% and make it harder to hit 2050 decarbonization goals.

On-Time Project Delivery

After the initial demand, delivering the first projects on time and within budget is crucial. The nuclear industry must ensure each phase, from design to licensing, is done efficiently. Meeting construction deadlines will build confidence and prove that future reactors can be completed successfully.

Scaling the Industry

As demand grows, the nuclear industry must expand its workforce, supply chains, and fuel capacity. Reaching 200 GW by 2050 will require scaling up every part of the nuclear ecosystem, from components to spent-fuel management. This industrial growth is essential for supporting the long-term deployment of nuclear energy.

Delaying new nuclear deployment could increase the cost of decarbonization

Source: DOE Report

U.S. Nuclear Growth Requires Major Expansion in Uranium Supply Chain

The DOE has given utmost importance to the need to boost uranium supply to reach the goal of 300 GW of nuclear power. The uranium enrichment pathway looks like this:

The nuclear fuel supply chain has four key steps

Source: DOE report

Mining and Milling

The nation will need 55,000 – 75,000 metric tons (MT) of uranium (U3O8) each year to hit the 2050 target. Currently, the country only produces 2,000 MT annually and has procured 22,000 MT. In 2014, U.S. uranium production peaked at 2,263 MT. To meet future demand, the US will have to increase its production by about 71,000 MT annually.

Conversion Capacity

U.S. will require 70,000 to 95,000 MT of uranium hexafluoride (UF6) conversion capacity. Right now, the country has 10,400 MT of capacity. The Metropolis Works facility, the nation’s sole UF6 converter, reopened in July 2023 after a six-year shutdown. However, this restart alone will not be enough to meet rising demand.

Enrichment Needs

The U.S. needs to boost its uranium enrichment from its current 4.4 million separative work units (SWU) per year to between 45 and 55 million SWU to support 300 GW of nuclear capacity. Generation IV reactors require high-assay low-enriched uranium (HALEU), enriched to 19.75%. At present, the U.S. relies on a single HALEU facility, producing only 900 kg annually. The DOE is taking steps to create a domestic HALEU supply chain through programs like the HALEU Availability Program, which is backed by $700 million from the Inflation Reduction Act.

Fabrication

The U.S. must also increase its uranium fuel fabrication capacity to between 6,000 and 8,000 MTU annually to support 300 GW of nuclear capacity. Its current capacity stands at 4,200 MT. In addition, advanced reactors will need new fuel types, such as TRISO and metallic fuels. Companies like TerraPower and X-energy are leading projects to develop these advanced fuels. X-energy’s TRISO-X facility, set to begin operations in 2025, will help meet these demands.

International Cooperation

The U.S. leads the “Sapporo 5” coalition, which includes the U.K., France, Japan, and Canada. Together, they have pledged $4.2 billion to invest in nuclear fuel services, including enrichment and conversion. The U.S. has committed $3.42 billion to secure a stable nuclear fuel supply chain and is working closely with its partners to eliminate bottlenecks in the supply chain.

By strengthening its uranium supply chains and collaborating with global partners, the U.S. is positioning itself for significant nuclear growth while ensuring energy independence and a secure domestic supply.

U.S. Nuclear Restarts Spark Fresh Demand for Uranium Amid Tight Supply

In September, the U.S. nuclear sector received a significant boost from DOE to restart major reactors, creating fresh demand for uranium amid a tight global supply chain. These developments mark a clear shift toward nuclear growth in the nation.

S&P Global mentioned, Jonathan Hinze, president of the UxC nuclear fuel consultancy remarked,

“Each of these reactors will use up to 500,000 lb U3O8 annually, and that demand has yet to fully hit the market. While the incremental increase in demand is not that large, any additional fuel purchasing by utilities will likely be felt in the current market given very tight supply-demand fundamentals across the nuclear fuel cycle.”

On Sept. 30, the Biden administration approved a $1.52 billion conditional loan guarantee to restart the 800-MW Palisades nuclear plant in Covert, Michigan. Just days earlier, on Sept. 20, Constellation Energy Corp. announced plans to restart the Three Mile Island Unit 1 nuclear plant in Pennsylvania, partnering with Microsoft to power its data centers.

Uranium Prices Rise on Reactor Restarts

Pricing is a key factor in the nuclear energy comeback. According to S&P Global, spot uranium prices have only seen a slight rise since recent announcements, but the sector is now trending upward. The price has quadrupled from its late-2010s level, fueled by renewed interest in nuclear energy. After the 2011 Fukushima disaster, the uranium market slumped for years. However, prices soared past $100 per pound in early 2024, driven by improved investor confidence.

Recent reactor restarts mark a sharp turnaround for the U.S. nuclear sector, which saw 13 reactors close between 2013 and 2022. Analysts now see more potential for growth. CIBC analysts believe these restarts will further boost the uranium market, especially as the power-hungry AI industry increases demand for energy to run data centers.

Source: S&P Global

Will it Put Pressure on Uranium Supply?

S&P Global further analyzed the situation. They anticipate the revival of nuclear plants is expected to intensify uranium demand. Consequently, driving up prices and challenging supply chains. Scott Melbye, president of the Uranium Producers of America, pointed out that Constellation’s restart will cut into its nuclear fuel reserves, further tightening an already constrained market.

Currently, global geopolitical tensions have also impacted the nuclear fuel market. The ongoing Russia-Ukraine war has led to disruptions, with the U.S. banning enriched uranium imports from Russia in April 2023. While waivers allow some imports until 2028, the market remains under pressure as Russia considers retaliatory export cuts.

With more countries, including the U.S., committing to tripling nuclear power by 2050, the sector is poised for long-term growth. As nuclear energy regains momentum, it is positioned as a critical component in global efforts to reduce carbon emissions and combat climate change.

6 Reasons Why Nuclear Energy Will Rule the Decarbonized Future

Here are six important reasons nuclear energy plays a key role in the journey to net-zero emissions:

Generates electricity with almost no carbon emissions, making it essential for reducing reliance on fossil fuels.
Provides constant, reliable electricity, crucial for stabilizing the grid as renewable sources grow.
Nuclear plants produce far more electricity per acre than solar or wind, making them ideal for regions with limited space.
They create high-paying jobs and stimulate local economies, especially in regions like the U.S. Southeast.
Supports industrial processes like hydrogen production, benefiting industries beyond just power generation.
Requires fewer raw materials than renewables, reducing environmental impact and conserving critical resources.

Source: DOE Report

In conclusion, nuclear energy will play a pivotal role in the U.S.’s transition to a cleaner, more resilient grid, supporting economic growth and reducing emissions.

Source: Advanced Nuclear Commercial LiftOff

MUST READ: The Atomic Awakening

The post What Does the U.S. Need to Triple Its Nuclear Capacity by 2050? DOE Explains… appeared first on Carbon Credits.

The Net Zero Game: Are Hotels and Restaurants Truly Committed to Reducing Carbon Emissions?

With their substantial energy consumption and carbon emissions, hotel and restaurant chains are becoming key targets for reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions through improved sustainability practices. Major companies like Chipotle, Marriott, Hilton, and others are presenting two conflicting faces. 

On one side, these companies boast about their efforts to reduce carbon emissions and take strong climate action. Chipotle, for instance, offers an app that lets customers track the carbon footprint of their meals. 

On the other side, these companies are involved in trade associations that are actively opposing local and state climate regulations, often filing lawsuits that could hamper environmental progress.

How Far Do Hotels And Restaurants Are in Lowering Their Emissions?

Chipotle aims to cut its GHG emissions by 50% by 2030. The restaurant managed to reduce Scope 1 (direct) and 2 (indirect from purchased energy) emissions by 13% in 2023 but Scope 3 (other indirect) emissions rose by the same percentage due to new restaurant openings. 

The restaurant chain reduced carbon emissions by 20% (vs. 2019 baseline) while growing its business by 80% as shown in the chart.

Chipotle’s strategy focuses on energy efficiency, reducing demand for traditional energy resources, and increasing the use of low-carbon and renewable energy. They commit to designing restaurants that rely less on fossil fuels like natural gas and aim for 100% renewable energy use.

Marriott and Hilton have made similar commitments, pledging to slash their emissions by nearly 50% by the same year. 

Marriott aims to cut absolute Scope 1 and 2 GHG emissions by 46.2% by 2030, using 2019 as a baseline. It also targets a 27.5% reduction in Scope 3 emissions, covering energy use, waste, and employee commuting. However, despite carbon reduction efforts, the hotel’s emissions (Scope 1+2) rose (7%) alongside its revenue (14%) in 2023 compared with 2022. 

Moreover, the hotel plans for 22% of its suppliers to adopt science-based carbon emissions reduction targets by 2028.

By 2050, the company aims to achieve a 90% reduction in Scope 1, 2, and 3 emissions, including emissions removal through bioenergy feedstocks. Marriott focuses on 3 distinct levers to reach its net zero target: 

Energy reduction, 
Getting energy from renewable sources, and
Buying goods with lower carbon footprints

Hilton Worldwide aims for net zero by 2030, with clear targets for reducing Scope 1, Scope 2, and Scope 3 emissions. In 2023, Hilton reported Scope 1 and 2 emissions of 2,570,111 MT CO2e, reflecting a 9% increase from 2022. Meanwhile, revenue also increased by 17% for the same period. 

For Scope 3, the company reduced emissions from franchises by 5.50%, down to 4,020,579 MT CO2e. Hilton aims to cut Scope 1 and 2 emissions intensity by 75% from managed hotels and reduce Scope 3 emissions intensity from franchised hotels by 56%, both by 2030, using a 2008 baseline. The hospitality company was able to cut emissions intensity for managed hotels by 45% in 2023.  

The problem of the climate policy split among hotels and restaurants is significant as their climate impact is substantial. Buildings, in particular, play a significant role in carbon emissions. The heating, cooling, and electricity consumed by commercial and residential structures account for about 35% of GHG emissions in the U.S., with large hotels and restaurants contributing a significant portion.

Climate Promises vs. Reality

In cities like Denver, lawmakers have passed ambitious climate regulations aimed at reducing the carbon footprint of buildings. The rules require large buildings, including hotels, to improve their energy efficiency by implementing measures like installing LED lighting, using heat pumps, and adding solar panels.

For example, Denver’s building performance standards mandate that around 3,000 buildings cut their energy use by 30% by 2030. 

While some buildings, like a quarter of those in Denver, already meet the 2030 goals, others, such as the Sheraton Denver Downtown Hotel (part of Marriott), may need to reduce their energy consumption by more than one-third.

However, despite the public climate commitments of companies like Marriott and Hilton, their trade associations have opposed these building efficiency rules. In April, groups such as the Colorado Hotel & Lodging Association (where Marriott executives hold key board positions) filed lawsuits to block both state and city climate mandates. These legal actions argue that the regulations are preempted by federal energy law and claim that complying with the rules would cost billions of dollars.

The inconsistency between hotel climate pledges and trade group actions creates confusion among consumers and policymakers. Companies like Chipotle, which promote their sustainability efforts, are also key members of the Restaurant Law Center, a trade association leading lawsuits against climate regulations in multiple cities, including Denver. 

Marriott, too, distances itself from the actions of the Colorado Hotel & Lodging Association, stating that it does not control the group’s decisions, even though its representatives hold influential board positions. These contradictions make it difficult for cities and states to advance meaningful climate legislation.

RELATED: Climate Clash: SEC’s Climate Disclosure Rule Faces Legal Showdown

The Dilemma in Driving Climate Policy

Buildings are major contributors to climate change, accounting for significant carbon emissions, particularly in urban areas. In cities like Denver, buildings are responsible for roughly half of all climate emissions due to their reliance on methane gas for heating and electricity consumption, much of which is sourced from fossil fuels. 

To combat this, many cities and states have implemented building performance standards aimed at improving energy efficiency, primarily targeting large commercial buildings like hotels and offices. These regulations offer flexibility in how building operators achieve energy reductions, allowing options such as lighting upgrades or solar installations.

The conflicts between the corporate climate commitments of major hotels and restaurant chains and trade association actions could have far-reaching implications. If industry groups succeed in rolling back city and state climate regulations, it could undermine hospitality companies’ efforts to reduce their carbon emissions.

At the same time, these legal battles send mixed messages to consumers, who increasingly expect these companies to take a stand on environmental issues.

As cities and states take on an increasingly important role in driving climate policy, the need for corporate transparency and accountability on climate issues has never been more urgent.

SEE MORE: EU Regulations Poised to Catalyze Global Carbon Market Convergence, Says Trafigura’s Hauman

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U.S. DOE Invests $1.5 Billion to Bolster the Electricity Grid with Clean Energy

The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) is taking major steps to boost the nation’s power grid, aligning with the Biden-Harris Administration’s Investing in America agenda. The DOE announced two important actions to lower costs and improve energy access. The first is a $1.5 billion investment in four key transmission projects and the second is the release of the final National Transmission Planning (NTP) Study.

These moves reflect the administration’s commitment to making the electricity grid more reliable, resilient, and capable of meeting growing demand with affordable, clean energy.

DOE’s $1.5 Billion Boost for Critical Transmission Projects

The press release explains that the funding intends to improve the reliability of the grid, reduce transmission congestion, and generate affordable energy for millions of Americans. Supported by the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law, these projects are part of the DOE’s Transmission Facilitation Program, which helps remove financial barriers to new transmission development.

These projects will cover nearly 1,000 miles of new transmission lines, adding 7,100 megawatts (MW) of capacity. They will create close to 9,000 jobs and improve the resilience of the grid across Louisiana, Maine, Mississippi, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Texas. The impact extends beyond job creation, as these investments are also expected to relieve expensive congestion on the grid and increase access to clean energy sources.

Key Transmission Projects Leading the Charge

The four projects, now entering contract negotiations, promise significant improvements to the nation’s power grid. These projects include:

Aroostook Renewable Project: This project in Haynesville, Maine will add a 111-mile transmission line, creating 1,200 MW of capacity. It will connect to New England’s power grid, providing access to low-cost clean energy. The project has a $425 million potential contract value and will create over 4,200 construction jobs and 30 permanent roles.
Cimarron Link: A 400-mile transmission line in Oklahoma, this high-voltage line will bring wind and solar energy to growing areas from Texas to Tulsa. It will provide 1,900 MW of capacity and create over 3,600 jobs with ~ $306 million contract value.
Southern Spirit: This 320-mile line, having a $360 million contract value, will connect Texas’s grid with the southeastern U.S., providing 3,000 MW of power. This will improve resilience against extreme weather and create 850 construction jobs and 305 permanent roles.
Southline: A 108-mile transmission line in New Mexico, adding 1,000 MW of capacity and supporting the region’s growing industries. This project will create at least 150 jobs and deliver clean energy to semiconductor and battery manufacturing facilities. Additionally, it has up to $352 million potential contract value.

These projects also support the Biden Administration’s Justice40 Initiative, ensuring that 40% of the benefits reach underserved communities that have been neglected by past infrastructure investments.

Source: DOE

RELATED: Powering the West: How Transmission Projects Can Slash Power-Sector Emissions by 73% 

Unlocking the Transmission Facilitation Program (TFP)

The DOE has introduced the $2.5 billion Transmission Facilitation Program (TFP) to strengthen the country’s electricity grid. This initiative, supported by the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law, will help build new transmission lines between regions and upgrade existing ones. It also aims to connect microgrids in selected U.S. states and territories.

Overcoming Financial Barriers

Administered through the DOE’s “Building a Better Grid Initiative,” the TFP is a revolving fund program designed to tackle the financial obstacles that often delay large-scale transmission projects. It focuses on projects that are crucial for improving grid reliability but wouldn’t move forward without government support.

The program has three key financial tools:

Capacity Contracts: DOE will buy up to 50% of a planned line’s capacity for up to 40 years, helping project developers attract more investors and customers.
Loans: DOE can offer loans to help with transmission development.
Public-Private Partnerships: DOE will partner with companies within National Interest Electric Transmission Corridors (NIETC) to meet the growing electricity demand across states.

The TFP is ideal for projects that are almost ready to begin construction and need financial backing to proceed. It targets regions that rely on firm transmission lines for point-to-point electricity delivery. Projects already fully funded or with a secure revenue stream won’t be considered for this program.

Through capacity contracts, DOE will commit to buying a percentage of the proposed capacity of new transmission lines. This approach lowers the risk for developers by offering financial stability, which encourages other investors and customers to join in. Furthermore, financing is eased with DOE securing a part of the transmission line’s capacity.

DOE’s National Transmission Planning Study: A Blueprint for the Future

Along with new transmission projects, the DOE has released the National Transmission Planning (NTP) Study. This study looks ahead to 2050, focusing on how to keep the grid reliable and affordable while meeting growing energy demands.

The study shows that by 2050, the U.S. will need to expand its 2020 transmission capacity by 2x or 3x. Without this increase, the grid won’t be able to handle the country’s future energy needs. The NTP Study also reveals that expanding the grid and coordinating transmission projects between regions could save the U.S. between $270 billion and $490 billion.

By using long-term planning and smart investments, the DOE aims to secure a cleaner, more resilient, and more affordable electricity future for all Americans.

Why Transmission Expansion Matters

America’s electricity grid has powered the nation for over a century, but currently, the demands have evolved. As Deputy Secretary of Energy David Turk explains, the grid is the “backbone” of the country’s energy system, and upgrading it is crucial for future reliability and cost savings.

Turk further added,

“DOE’s approach to deploying near-term solutions and developing long-term planning tools will ensure our electric grid is more interconnected and resilient than ever before, while also supporting greater electricity demand. The Biden-Harris Administration is committed to bolstering our power grid to improve the everyday life of Americans through affordable power, fewer blackouts, more reliable power, and additional jobs across our country.” 

The NTP Study emphasizes that better interregional planning—where different regions work together to meet energy needs—can lead to substantial benefits. By coordinating transmission projects across the U.S., the DOE predicts savings of $170 billion to $380 billion through 2050.

It is indeed the largest investment in grid infrastructure in U.S. history. By improving both short-term and long-term transmission planning, the U.S. is poised to meet growing electricity demand while making the grid more sustainable and accessible.

Source: Biden-Harris Administration Invests $1.5 Billion to Bolster the Nation’s Electricity Grid and Deliver Affordable Electricity to Meet New Demands | Department of Energy

FURTHER READING: EIA Expects Explosive Growth in U.S. Battery Storage—Can America Ascend to Dominance?

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Google Speaks: Why Nuclear Energy Could be The Big Tech’s Next Bet

Google is considering nuclear energy as a potential solution to meet its ambitious 2030 net-zero emissions goals, according to CEO Sundar Pichai. In a recent interview with Nikkei, Pichai revealed that the company is exploring various clean energy investments. These particularly include traditional renewables like solar and innovative technologies such as small modular nuclear reactors

This move is part of Google’s strategy to reduce its carbon footprint while addressing the growing energy demands of its expanding artificial intelligence (AI) operations.

Google’s Energy Dilemma: AI vs. Carbon Emissions

In 2023, Google’s total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions rose to 14.3 million tCO2e as seen below. This marks a 13% year-over-year increase and a 48% rise from the 2019 base year. And it has been growing since 2020.

This increase in emissions was mainly driven by higher energy use in data centers and supply chain emissions. As Google expands AI integration, its emissions reduction efforts face greater challenges due to the rising energy demands of AI computing and increased infrastructure investments. 

RELEVANT: Google’s Soaring Revenue of $85 Billion Shadowed by Rising Carbon Footprint

The tech giant’s goal is to cut 50% of its combined Scope 1, 2, and 3 emissions by 2030. Pichai acknowledged the challenge posed by data centers and AI, which has significantly increased the company’s energy consumption. 

Google’s global network includes over 25 strategically located data centers, selected based on key factors like land availability, infrastructure, local talent, and potential impact. These centers are essential in meeting the growing digital demands of the world, ensuring efficient data processing and storage. 

In 2023, Google’s data centers consumed 24 TWh of electricity, making up 7-10% of the global data center electricity usage, estimated between 240-340 TWh. Despite maintaining a 100% renewable energy match, data center energy use grew by 17%. 

Additionally, the AI-driven company piloted renewable diesel for backup power in select U.S. and European data centers to reduce emissions. The big tech also plans to scale the initiative globally as renewable diesel becomes more available. This effort aims to lower the carbon footprint of their diesel backup power systems.

Can Google’s 2030 Carbon-Free Dream Stay on Course?

Google aims to power all its data centers with 24/7 carbon-free energy by 2030. The company also targets to replenish 120% of the freshwater it uses and achieve Zero Waste to Landfill across its data center operations by the same year. 

These ambitious goals align with the company’s broader sustainability efforts to reduce environmental impact and support a cleaner future. However, Pichai emphasized the challenge of having this goal, saying that:

“It was a very ambitious target, and we are still going to be working very ambitiously towards it.”

AI’s energy demands are immense. A single ChatGPT inquiry consumes nearly 10x the energy of a typical Google search, and generating images requires over 60x more energy than text. 

READ MORE: The Carbon Countdown: AI and Its 10 Billion Rise in Power Use

To meet these growing needs, some tech companies are turning to nuclear power. This shift reflects Big Tech’s challenge of balancing energy consumption with prior commitments to reduce emissions and tackle climate change.

AI data centers are expected to demand even more electricity in the coming years, further complicating Google’s net-zero goals. 

According to the Electric Power Research Institute, data centers could consume over 9% of the nation’s electricity by 2030—more than double current levels. This growing demand has made it critical for tech companies like Google to explore alternative energy sources like nuclear power.

Why Small Nuclear Reactors Might Be Big Tech’s Next Bet

While Pichai did not specify when or where Google would begin using nuclear energy, the tech giant is following a path already taken by other major companies. 

Earlier this year, Amazon announced a deal with Talen Energy to use power from the Susquehanna nuclear plant in Pennsylvania. This nuclear facility is capable of generating 960 megawatts of power—enough to supply about 1 million homes. 

Similarly, Microsoft is working with Constellation Energy to restart the Three Mile Island nuclear plant, a site known for the worst nuclear accident in U.S. history. Constellation is seeking $1.6 billion in federal funding to reopen the plant by 2028, pending approval from the Nuclear Regulatory Commission.

Nuclear power presents a viable solution for providing reliable, continuous baseload power, traditionally dependent on fossil fuels. As the tech sector shifts towards carbon neutrality or net zero, onsite nuclear energy becomes an ideal choice for data centers, efficiently and sustainably meeting their growing energy needs.

According to S&P Global Commodity Insights, the best nuclear plants that could power data centers include:

Echoing the other tech company’s nuclear power sentiment, Pichai noted:

“We are now looking at additional investments, be it solar, and evaluating technologies like small modular nuclear reactors, etc.”

The tech giant aims to operate on 24/7 carbon-free energy (CFE) by 2030, covering every hour and grid where it functions. The strategy focuses on three initiatives: purchasing carbon-free energy, advancing new and existing technologies, and transforming the energy system through policy changes, partnerships, and advocacy. This approach will help Google slash its Scope 2 emissions, which it controls directly. 

As energy demand continues to outpace renewable energy production, nuclear power is increasingly being viewed as a viable option for tech companies aiming to balance sustainability with the operational needs of their AI-driven data centers. Google’s move toward nuclear energy could significantly shift the tech industry’s approach to clean energy solutions.

READ MORE: Could Merchant Nuclear Plants be the Savior of Power-Hungry Data Centers?

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UK’s £22 Billion Carbon Capture and Storage Plan: A Bold Step or A Fossil Fuel Trap?

The UK government recently announced a massive £22 billion investment into carbon capture and storage (CCS) projects over the next 25 years. The technology aims to capture carbon emissions from power plants and heavy industries before storing them underground. While this move aligns with the UK’s ambition to achieve net zero by 2050, experts question whether this strategy will lock the country into fossil fuel dependence for decades.

Prime Minister Keir Starmer recently reaffirmed the government’s commitment to CCS.

“Today’s announcement will give industry the certainty it needs – committing to 25 years of funding in this groundbreaking technology – to help deliver jobs, kick-start growth, and repair this country once and for all.”

UK’s Reduced Vision for Carbon Capture and Storage

The government initially planned to fund eight CCS projects to help the UK reach its net zero emissions target by 2050. However, due to escalating supply chain costs, only three projects will now receive government support. According to The Department for Energy Security & Net Zero (DESNZ), the first two of the Track 1 project are:

BP Plc and Equinor ASA will lead the East Coast Cluster in eastern England, focusing on carbon capture projects.
HyNet will serve industrial sites in western England and Wales, advancing carbon capture initiatives in those regions.

Source: DESNZ

While this investment shows the government’s dedication to decarbonization, the reduced scale of the program highlights the financial challenges that CCS technology faces.

According to Bloomberg, these three projects will remove around 3 million tons of CO₂ per year—far below the 20 to 30 million tons that were initially projected.

(DESNZ’s) five criteria for cluster selection – Track-1 of its Carbon Capture, Usage and Storage program.

RECENT: The “Northern Lights” Shines: Shell, Equinor, and TotalEnergies JV Powers the Norway CCS Project 

A Risky Bet on Unproven Technology

The UK bets on carbon capture and storage as a viable means to achieve its net zero target. For tough industries like cement, steel, and fertilizer, CCS is a potential lifesaver. By capturing emissions and storing CO₂ underground, this process prevents greenhouse gases from entering the atmosphere.

On the downside, CCS remains largely untested on the scale needed to make a significant impact. Furthermore, The National Audit Office (NAO) has expressed concerns about the UK’s heavy reliance on CCS and has warned stating,

“Slower progress with getting Track-1 up and running means that DESNZ will struggle to achieve its 2030 ambitions for carbon capture.” 

They have highlighted rising costs and the technology’s inconsistent track record. For instance, over the last 20 years, many CCS projects in the UK have failed to meet expectations, which raises uncertainty about whether this large investment will pay off.

Notably, the biggest challenges include the huge cost of CCS and massive supply chain expenses which have forced the government to step back on its original ambitions. Previously industries also tried to integrate CCS with natural gas and coal power plants but the idea was not feasible.

Additionally, the projects are already facing delays. In this case, investment decisions for the first two clusters were initially set for last year but have been postponed multiple times. The NAO has warned that continued delays could force the government to renegotiate contracts with suppliers, which could further increase costs.

The Climate Change Committee’s (CCC’s) assessment of how much CCUS will need to be deployed under its Balanced Net Zero pathway, 2020 to 2050

Source: DESNZ

Locking in Fossil Fuel Dependence

One of the most significant criticisms of the government’s CCS plan is that it could lock the UK into a reliance on natural gas for generations. Natural gas, primarily composed of methane, is a potent greenhouse gas with significant emissions occurring upstream during extraction, processing, and transportation. Relying on natural gas for energy—even with carbon capture—means the UK will continue importing it, exposing the country to volatile global energy markets.

On the contrary, renewables do not have these risks. Wind and solar power are generated locally and are not subject to fluctuating international prices. By investing heavily in CCS, the government may unintentionally slow down the transition to a fully renewable energy grid. After scrutinizing all these factors, industrialists opine that the UK should prioritize renewable energy development and energy efficiency measures to meet its climate goals more sustainably.

The Global Outlook

Currently, only two commercial-scale coal plants globally operate with CCS—Boundary Dam in Canada and Petra Nova in the US. Both projects have struggled with consistent underperformance, technical setbacks, and cost overruns. Moreover, these plants represent a tiny fraction of global power generation, raising doubts about the feasibility of scaling up CCS in time to meet the UK’s net-zero goals by 2050.

Additionally, media agency, The Conversation reported that 80% of captured CO₂ is currently used to enhance oil recovery, which further contradicts the aim of reducing fossil fuel use. Critics argue that the focus on CCS may deter investment in renewable energy projects like wind and solar, which are both cheaper and proven to be effective.

The UK is not alone in grappling with these issues. Worldwide, carbon capture projects have encountered similar problems with high costs and technical challenges.

In summary, while carbon capture technology is essential for cutting emissions from heavy industries, its limitations and rising costs pose significant challenges. The UK’s current CCS projects are already struggling with delays and escalating expenses, leading to doubts about their long-term viability. As the country pushes forward with its net-zero goals, finding a balance between ambition and practicality will be crucial in determining the success of CCS.

Balancing CCS While Embracing Renewables

Despite these challenges, the UK government remains optimistic about CCS’s role in reducing the nation’s carbon footprint. Along with £8 billion in private investment, the government’s funding will help create 4,000 jobs and build the necessary infrastructure to support carbon capture.

Source: IEA

In conclusion, the UK government will have to carefully balance its investment in CCS with the development of renewable energy to ensure it stays on track for net-zero emissions by 2050. While carbon capture offers a way to reduce emissions from industries that are hard to decarbonize, it is not the perfect solution. The government must continue to invest in wind, solar, and other renewable technologies to create a truly sustainable energy future.

Even though the government’s £22 billion bet on CCS may seem a promising decarbonization effort, only time will tell whether it leads to a truly sustainable energy future or simply prolongs the use of fossil fuels.

Data sources:

UK to Spend £22 Billion on Carbon Capture Sites as Costs Rise – BNN Bloomberg
The UK’s £22 billion bet on carbon capture will lock in fossil fuels for decades (theconversation.com)

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FURTHER READING: Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR) and Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS): A Primer 

The post UK’s £22 Billion Carbon Capture and Storage Plan: A Bold Step or A Fossil Fuel Trap? appeared first on Carbon Credits.