China’s 15th Five-Year Plan Commits $2.94 Trillion to Reach 50% Clean Electricity by 2030

China is ramping up its clean energy efforts with a new roadmap under its 15th Five-Year Plan (2026-2030). The National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) and the National Energy Administration (NEA) released the plan, which aims to create a cleaner, low-carbon, and efficient energy system by the decade’s end.

To achieve this, Beijing plans to invest over 20 trillion yuan ($2.94 trillion) in energy infrastructure in the next five years. NEA head Wang Hongzhi stated that this investment will expand renewable energy and modernize the country’s power system.

At the same time, China will boost domestic coal, oil, and natural gas production to enhance energy security. This highlights the challenge of balancing clean energy growth with reliable supplies.

china non fossil fuel
Source: greenfdc.com

China Targets 5.4 Billion kW Power Capacity by 2030

China’s power sector is growing rapidly. The NEA reports that total installed power generation capacity reached 4.01 billion kilowatts by May 2026, the highest globally. Wang noted this figure is set to rise to 5.4 billion kilowatts by 2030, driven by ongoing investments in renewables and grid infrastructure.

Record Growth in Solar and Wind

China has built the world’s largest renewable energy system. During the 14th Five-Year Plan (2021-2025), the country added about 951 GW of solar and 359 GW of wind capacity. These additions accounted for roughly 43% of global solar and 66% of global wind capacity installed during this period.

Fossil Fuels Still Matter

The share of non-fossil energy in China’s total energy use rose from 16.7% in 2021 to 21.7% in 2025. Clean energy use grew by 69%. However, overall energy demand also increased by 24%, leading to a 10% rise in fossil fuel use. This shows that while China adds renewable energy, fossil fuels remain crucial for meeting growing demand.

By 2030, China aims for non-fossil sources to produce 50% of its electricity. It also plans to peak coal and oil use before 2030, moving closer to its carbon neutrality goal by 2060.

A More Modest Growth Target Ahead

The draft released in March sets two key energy targets for China’s clean energy transition by 2030:

  • A 10% reduction in energy intensity to boost efficiency.
  • A 25% share of non-fossil energy in total energy consumption.

These goals aim to increase clean energy use while reducing energy needed for economic growth.

Assuming a GDP growth of about 5%, non-fossil energy consumption needs to grow by roughly 5.9% per year through 2030. This is below the 11% annual growth rate from the 14th Five-Year Plan.

In other words, the official target may be conservative. If current renewable trends continue, China could exceed its goals for clean energy.

The Emissions Puzzle

A key question is whether China’s greenhouse gas emissions will peak before 2030.

China still relies on emissions intensity targets instead of absolute emissions caps. The previous plan aimed for an 18% reduction in carbon intensity, and the new framework has a similar focus.

  • Analysts estimate that with GDP growth and emissions intensity targets, absolute emissions could rise by 3% to 6% by 2030.

This trend could make it hard for China to meet its goal of peaking emissions before 2030. However, if renewables continue to grow faster than expected, emissions could plateau or decline by the decade’s end.

china emission
Source: greenfdc.com

Why Fossil Fuels Are Still Growing

Despite its clean energy ambitions, China is the world’s largest coal consumer and a major oil and gas importer.

The country uses about:

  • 56% of global coal
  • 15% of global oil
  • 9-10% of global natural gas

Import dependence remains high, especially for oil, with about 72% of consumption coming from imports.

Energy security is central to the 15th Five-Year Plan. Beijing aims to reduce exposure to geopolitical disruptions by boosting domestic coal, oil, and gas production while continuing to expand renewables.

The plan aims for crude oil output near 200 million tons per year, with natural gas production rising. Domestic energy production capacity is expected to grow from 5.13 billion to 5.8 billion tons of standard coal equivalent by 2030.

china fossil fuel
Source: greenfdc.com

The Contradiction at the Heart of the Plan

Here lies the core tension in China’s strategy.

Renewables are becoming cheaper and more competitive than fossil fuels. However, the government prioritizes energy self-sufficiency.

If China sticks to its fossil fuel targets, analysts estimate fossil fuel consumption could rise by 7.9% to 10.5% by 2030. This would be a significant increase and could undermine emission reduction efforts.

The government links energy security to food security. Fertilizer production relies on fossil fuels, and Beijing has raised grain production targets as a priority. Although China is exploring low-carbon alternatives like green ammonia, large-scale deployment is still in early stages.

What the Market Should Watch

For investors and energy companies, the key focus should be on the gap between official goals and actual deployment trends.

China’s renewable sector has consistently outpaced government targets. If this continues, several outcomes are possible:

  • Non-fossil electricity generation could exceed 50% before 2030.
  • Coal demand could plateau sooner than expected.
  • Power-sector emissions could decline even if industrial emissions stay high.
  • China could strengthen its global leadership in solar, wind, batteries, and grid technologies.

The Bottom Line

China’s 15th Five-Year Plan represents a strong commitment to clean energy and energy security. The country plans to invest nearly $3 trillion in new energy infrastructure and aims for non-fossil sources to dominate electricity generation.

Yet, the plan does not impose a hard cap on absolute emissions. Instead, it focuses on reducing carbon intensity while continuing to support domestic fossil fuel production.

Whether China’s emissions peak before 2030 will depend less on formal targets and more on how quickly renewables, storage, grid upgrades, and electrification can outpace coal, oil, and gas demand.

The next five years will be crucial in testing whether the world’s largest energy consumer can balance decarbonization, economic growth, and energy security.

The post China’s 15th Five-Year Plan Commits $2.94 Trillion to Reach 50% Clean Electricity by 2030 appeared first on Carbon Credits.

Microsoft and RBC Buy North America’s First Verified Direct Air Capture (DAC) Carbon Credits From Canada’s Deep Sky

Microsoft and RBC Buy North America's First Verified Direct Air Capture (DAC) Carbon Credits From Canada's Deep Sky

The direct air capture (DAC) industry has reached an important turning point in North America. Deep Sky, a Canadian carbon removal developer, has issued the continent’s first certified DAC carbon credits. This shows that a leading climate technology is advancing from pilot projects to commercial use.

Deep Sky Alpha in Alberta generated the first credits, where carbon dioxide was captured from the air and stored underground for good. Isometric, an independent carbon registry, verified the removals via its Direct Air Capture Protocol. Then, it issued credits for Microsoft and the Royal Bank of Canada (RBC), which are part of long-term purchase agreements already announced.

The credits also became the world’s first DAC credits carrying the Core Carbon Principles (CCP) label issued through Isometric. The first delivery may have a small carbon removal volume, but its importance goes well beyond the credits issued.

Deep Sky CEO Alex Petre said in an interview:

“This shows ⁠Canada is building, is taking the risks, and it puts us on the map for innovation in carbon removal… People really want this to work because they continue to sign contracts. However, very few projects have actually been delivered.”

Deep Sky Is Building Canada’s Carbon Removal Future

For years, the carbon removal industry has announced billion-dollar investments and large future purchase agreements. Few projects, however, have actually delivered verified carbon credits. Deep Sky has now crossed that gap, showing that permanent carbon removal can move from promise to verified supply.

The milestone also strengthens Canada’s position in one of the fastest-growing climate technology sectors. Unlike most DAC developers that rely on a single capture technology, Deep Sky has adopted a different strategy.

The Montreal-based company describes itself as the world’s first technology-agnostic carbon removal project developer. It combines several DAC technologies in one place and then tests which one works best in real conditions. After that, it deploys the top performer at a commercial scale.

Its flagship facility, Deep Sky Alpha, located near Innisfail, Alberta, moved from project design in late 2024 to commissioning in 2025. In about 18 months, it injected atmospheric CO₂ underground. This created North America’s first certified DAC credits.

Deep Sky Alpha DAC
Source: Deep Sky

The pilot facility can capture roughly 3,000 metric tons of CO₂ annually while serving as a testing ground for several leading DAC companies. Even more, the company has much bigger ambitions.

Deep Sky aims to build about 100 carbon removal facilities in Canada. They will use the country’s plentiful renewable electricity and geological storage. Plus, they’ll tap into Canada’s carbon management know-how. Commercial projects are expected to scale toward one million tons of CO₂ removal per year per site over time.

That long-term vision could position Canada as a major supplier of durable carbon removal credits.

Why Delivering Credits Matters More Than Selling Them

Carbon removal has attracted record corporate investment over the past three years. Microsoft, Google, Stripe, Shopify, JPMorgan Chase, and Frontier have signed purchase agreements. These deals are worth hundreds of millions of dollars, which aim to finance new removal technologies. Yet, many contracts involve future deliveries that may not begin for several years.

Deep Sky’s announcement is different because the credits have already been produced, independently verified, and issued. The project was certified under Isometric’s Direct Air Capture Protocol, which requires developers to:

  • account for all project emissions,
  • verify net carbon removal, and
  • demonstrate permanent underground storage through long-term monitoring.

The certification process gives buyers more confidence. It ensures that each credit stands for one metric ton of CO₂ permanently removed from the atmosphere. The first deliveries also begin Deep Sky’s previously announced carbon removal agreements running through 2034.

Microsoft and RBC were among the company’s founding buyers. Their initial agreement included 10,000 tonnes of carbon removal. They also have options to buy up to one million more tonnes from Deep Sky’s future projects.

RBC Director, Brian Hong, noted:

“This is exactly the kind of action our climate strategy is designed to advance: climate solutions that are scientifically measurable with the potential to scale. Deep Sky has moved with remarkable speed to bring this project to life, and the fact that it’s happening in Alberta—a region central to Canada’s energy future—makes it even more meaningful.”

Deep Sky has since grown its customer base to include TD Bank Group, Lufthansa Group, ENGIE, and Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation. This shows that the need for permanent carbon removal goes beyond just tech companies.

The Race to Scale Direct Air Capture Begins

Deep Sky’s milestone comes as the global DAC industry enters a new growth phase.

The International Energy Agency (IEA) reports over 30 direct air capture plants worldwide. However, they only remove about 0.01 million metric tons of CO₂ each year. That is tiny compared with what climate models suggest will be needed.

The IEA’s Net Zero Emissions by 2050 pathway says that DAC capacity needs to grow to over 60 million metric tons each year by 2030. By mid-century, it should reach hundreds of millions of tons annually.

direct air capture carbon planned net zero emissions IEA
Source: IEA

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) also concludes that carbon dioxide removal will be necessary alongside deep emissions cuts to limit global warming to 1.5°C.

Cost remains the industry’s biggest obstacle.

Today’s DAC projects generally remove carbon at costs ranging from $500 to more than $1,000 per metric ton, depending on technology and scale. Developers expect costs to drop significantly. This will happen as facilities grow larger, manufacturing increases, and learning curves get better.

DAC direct air capture cost
Source: Decarbonfuse

Governments are helping accelerate that process.

The United States offers the 45Q tax credit, while Canada has introduced major investment tax credits for carbon capture and clean technology projects. These policies aim to cut project costs. They also encourage private investment in carbon removal infrastructure.

RBC and Microsoft’s purchases from Deep Sky illustrate a broader market trend. Corporate buyers want carbon removals that are independently verified. They also prefer solutions that are permanently stored and based on strict scientific standards.

Why Canada Could Lead the Carbon Removal Economy

Deep Sky’s success also highlights Canada’s growing role in the global carbon removal industry. The country combines several competitive advantages.

Canada has abundant renewable electricity, favorable geology for permanent CO₂ storage, an experienced energy workforce, and government policies that support carbon management technologies.

Canada carbon management companies
Source: Canada Government

Alberta, in particular, has become one of North America’s leading regions for carbon storage. Existing expertise from the oil and gas industry is helping accelerate new carbon capture and storage projects.

These advantages are attracting growing investment from carbon removal developers seeking locations that can support large-scale deployment. As more commercial projects move forward, Canada could become one of the world’s largest exporters of durable carbon removal credits.

A Turning Point for the Carbon Removal Industry

Deep Sky’s first certified DAC credits represent more than a technical achievement. They show that direct air capture is beginning to transition from research and demonstration into commercial delivery.

The industry still faces major challenges. Costs remain high, and global removal capacity must increase dramatically over the coming decades. Yet, verified deliveries like this help build confidence among buyers, investors, and policymakers.

For Deep Sky, the next goal is no longer proving that direct air capture works. It is scaling from thousands of tons to millions.

If the company succeeds, Canada could become a global leader in permanent carbon removal. More importantly, the industry’s focus may shift from announcing future carbon removal purchases to delivering verified climate results.

The post Microsoft and RBC Buy North America’s First Verified Direct Air Capture (DAC) Carbon Credits From Canada’s Deep Sky appeared first on Carbon Credits.

Amazon Backs Brazil-based GranBio to Turn Wood Waste into Sustainable Aviation Fuel

Amazon is boosting its clean energy investments by focusing on sustainable aviation fuel (SAF). The company has invested in Brazil-based biotechnology firm GranBio. This partnership aims to speed up the development of technology that turns forestry waste and construction debris into low-carbon aviation fuel.

Global airlines face a challenge: the supply of SAF is limited. Demand is rising, but production is not keeping pace with the industry’s net-zero goals. By backing GranBio, Amazon hopes to create a fuel pathway that helps its own transportation network and benefits the wider aviation sector.

Amazon Bets on Next-Generation SAF to Cut Transport Emissions

This investment is part of Amazon’s climate strategy, known as The Climate Pledge. The goal is to achieve net-zero carbon emissions by 2040.

Transportation is a major source of emissions for Amazon. While electric delivery vehicles are expanding, aviation and long-haul freight still need liquid fuels. Thus, sustainable aviation fuel is key to Amazon’s decarbonization efforts.

amazon carbon emissions
Source: Amazon

Sustainable Aviation Buyers Alliance

Amazon has taken steps to promote SAF adoption. It co-founded the Sustainable Aviation Buyers Alliance (SABA) and helped launch the SAFc Registry. This registry boosts transparency about emissions reduction claims and encourages broader SAF use.

Additionally, it has increased its use of cleaner fuels. In 2024, it procured 3.7 million gallons of blended sustainable aviation fuel, reducing emissions from its air cargo operations.

Investing in Technology

Beyond buying fuel, the retail giant is also investing in technologies that can increase future SAF supply. The company supports innovations that cut emissions across transportation, buildings, and packaging.

By investing in GranBio’s technology, Amazon aims to create fuel supplies that support its operations and enhance availability in the aviation industry.

Andreas Marschner, Amazon’s vice president of Worldwide Operations Sustainability, said,

“Aviation needs lower-carbon fuel, and the supply isn’t there yet,” said  “GranBio’s technology can change that by turning waste materials into drop-in fuels. By investing now, we show the demand for solutions that can benefit the whole industry. That’s how we speed up this transition—together.”

GranBio Turns Waste Wood Into Drop-In Aviation Fuel

GranBio specializes in turning low-value biomass into renewable transportation fuels, avoiding food crops and vegetable oils.

Its process uses waste materials often discarded, like tree branches, crop residues, and construction waste. Much of this material ends up in landfills or increases wildfire risks.

Now, GranBio breaks down woody biomass to release carbon stored in plant fibers. It converts that carbon into fuel molecules identical to those found in conventional petroleum fuels.

The process yields renewable diesel, renewable gasoline, and sustainable aviation fuel that can be used in current aircraft engines and fuel infrastructure without changes. These drop-in fuels make it easier to cut emissions in sectors where electrification is tough.

GranBio’s method also generates heat as a byproduct, reducing external energy needs and boosting efficiency.

saf
Source: SkyRNG

Why Waste Biomass Could Become a Valuable Fuel Source

GranBio’s production relies on low-carbon feedstocks like forestry and agricultural residues, not food crops.

This approach has several benefits. It doesn’t compete with farmland for food and lowers production costs. It also promotes forest management, nature conservation, and rural economies.

The carbon released when its sustainable aviation fuel is burned is biogenic, meaning it comes from recently grown plants rather than fossil fuels.

GranBio has years of experience with agricultural residues. Over the past decade, it has developed systems for harvesting, storing, transporting, and processing biomass, creating a supply chain specifically for advanced biofuel production.

Lowest Carbon Footprint SAF Available without costly Carbon Capture

Turning Old Paper Mills to SAF Biorefineries

GranBio plans to revive closed pulp and paper mills across the U.S. over the next decade.

The company aims to convert these mills into advanced biorefineries that produce sustainable aviation fuel from waste biomass. This could cut construction costs and bring jobs back to communities once reliant on the paper industry. It also utilizes existing sites with transport networks and skilled workers.

This strategy would not only speed up production but also support local economies.

GranBio’s ETJ pathway achieves the lowest carbon footprint of competing ETJ technologies. Our process solves for net zero, here’s how:

granBio saf
Source: GranBio

Global SAF Supply Still Falls Far Short of Demand

Despite growing investments, sustainable aviation fuel remains a tiny fraction of global jet fuel use.

  • The International Air Transport Association (IATA) predicts worldwide SAF production will hit about 2.4 million tonnes by 2026, just 0.8% of total aviation fuel demand. Airlines are expected to spend around $4.3 billion on SAF this year.

IATA Director General Willie Walsh said 2026 is expected to be another disappointing year for SAF production. He noted that SAF will account for only 0.8% of airline fuel use, warning that weak government policies and limited support from oil companies are making it harder to achieve the aviation industry’s 2050 net-zero goals. He further added that stronger incentives are needed to build a viable SAF market.

Industry forecasts show slower-than-expected market growth.

  • According to the SkyNRG 2026 Outlook, projected global SAF demand for 2030 has dropped from 15.5 million tonnes last year to 12.8 million tonnes. This equals 3.6% of global jet fuel demand, down from the expected 4.5%.
SAF demand
Source: SkyNRG

Geopolitical tensions, trade issues, and energy security concerns are reshaping SAF development approaches. Europe focuses on demand guarantees and risk-sharing policies. The U.S. relies more on financial incentives, while Asia is rapidly increasing production through policy support.

The industry faces strong competition for traditional SAF feedstocks, such as used cooking oil and animal fats. As these supplies decrease, focus is turning to advanced biofuel technologies and synthetic eSAF pathways that use plentiful non-food biomass.

Amazon’s investment in GranBio shows this shift. By backing technology that converts waste into sustainable aviation fuel, the company thinks waste-based feedstocks can boost SAF supplies. This can lower aviation emissions and help the industry reach its long-term climate goals.

The post Amazon Backs Brazil-based GranBio to Turn Wood Waste into Sustainable Aviation Fuel appeared first on Carbon Credits.

Groundwork BioAg Issues First Verra Verified Soil Carbon Credits in U.S. Milestone

Groundwork BioAg Issues First Verra Verified Soil Carbon Credits in U.S. Milestone

Groundwork BioAg has issued its first verified carbon credits. This is a big step for soil-based carbon removal in the United States under its Rootella Carbon® program.

The company issued 19,568 Verified Carbon Units (VCUs) after independent verification by SCS Global Services. The process used Verra’s Verified Carbon Standard (VCS) and the VM0042 Improved Agricultural Land Management method. The carbon credits have already secured multiple purchase agreements, moving the project from development into commercial delivery.

This is the first U.S. project verified under Verra’s VM0042 method. It’s also the first commercial-scale carbon removal program using mycorrhizal fungi. These naturally occurring soil fungi help plants capture more carbon and store it underground.

Groundwork says its program delivers 100% carbon dioxide removal rather than avoided emissions. It shares up to 70% of net carbon credit revenue with farmers. This creates a financial incentive for them to improve soil health and remove carbon from the atmosphere.

Groundwork BioAg CEO Alon Werber commented:

“This first-of-its-kind issuance represents the holy grail of CDR: scalable, durable, verifiable. We fully intend to disrupt the global CDR market, which delivered a total of 2 MtCO2e last year. In contrast, Rootella Carbon is set to deliver half that amount in the next two years alone.”

Why Soil Carbon Could Be a Climate Superpower

The launch happens as demand for high-quality carbon removal credits keeps rising. This demand exceeds supply, sparking interest in scalable and scientifically proven climate solutions.

Healthy soils store more carbon than the atmosphere and all vegetation combined. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) says better soil management boosts carbon storage. It also improves food production and helps farms resist droughts.

Soil carbon projects use natural biological processes. This is different from engineered carbon removal technologies, which need big industrial facilities. They can also be expanded across millions of acres of farmland with relatively low infrastructure costs.

However, soil carbon has faced questions about permanence because stored carbon can be released if farming practices change.

Groundwork says its use of mycorrhizal fungi helps address this issue. Fungi turn carbon into mineral-associated organic matter (MAOM). This stable soil carbon can stay stored for centuries or even thousands of years, according to studies.

According to the company, its Mycorrhizal Carbon™ system can remove between 1.5 and 3.5 metric tons of CO₂ per acre each year (4–9 metric tons per hectare). That’s around five times more than the benchmarks for many regenerative farming practices. This includes cover crops and no-till farming.

Rotella carbon program groundwork bioag
Source: Groundwork Bioag

SEE MORE: Verra Greenlights Record 3 Million Soil Carbon Credits From Mexico Grasslands

Groundwork’s Rapid Expansion Across Farmland

Groundwork’s carbon program has expanded quickly over the past three years. Farmland enrolled in Rootella Carbon has grown from about 9,000 acres in 2023 to more than 700,000 acres across the U.S. Midwest and the Canadian Prairies.

The company estimates that there are around 450 million acres of reduced-tillage farmland in North and South America.

  • Its broader agricultural business is also growing. In 2025, Rootella® mycorrhizal inoculants were used on 5.5 million acres globally across 23 commercial markets.

The program creates a new source of income for farmers while improving crop productivity and soil quality. Participating growers receive most of the proceeds from carbon credit sales, rewarding long-term stewardship of agricultural land.

Verra states that the project demonstrates its VM0042 methodology. This method can support strong, science-based carbon accounting for managing agricultural land. Standardized measurement will be essential as soil carbon markets continue to grow.

Groundwork Bioag soil carbon credit program rootella

Why High-Quality Soil Carbon Credits Matter

Corporate buyers want carbon removal projects that offer long-term storage. They also seek projects that meet strict verification standards.

Groundwork says Rootella Carbon stands out because it generates carbon removal credits rather than avoided-emissions credits. It’s mycorrhizal fungi that also help form mineral-associated organic matter, one of the most stable forms of soil carbon. Unlike surface organic matter, it binds carbon to soil minerals, helping keep it stored much longer.

The project is verified under Verra’s VM0042 methodology. This adds credibility as buyers want more transparency and better carbon credits.

Another advantage is cost. Engineered carbon removal technologies such as direct air capture can cost several hundred dollars per metric ton. Nature-based approaches cost less and boost soil health, water retention, biodiversity, and crop resilience. They can’t replace engineered solutions, but they can quickly increase the supply of high-integrity carbon credits.

  • The global soil and agricultural carbon credit market is worth $4.2 billion today. It is expected to grow to $11.3 billion by 2034, with an annual growth rate of 11.58%.
soil carbon credit market
Source: Research Intelo

On voluntary registries, agricultural credits account for around 100 million metric tons of CO2e. They trade at a baseline carbon price of $4 to $6 per metric ton. This price is influenced by new Greenhouse Gas Protocol balance sheet rules and institutional capital, like Mirova’s recent $30 million allocation.

Industry leaders are shifting to high-quality, tech-verified removals. Key players include aggregators like Indigo Ag and Soil Capital, while major funders such as Bayer and Rabo Carbon Bank also play a role. New measurement methods from registries like Verra are pushing credit prices up. They now range from $5 to over $25 per ton. This trend is making soil carbon a key asset class.

Farmers Become Central to Carbon Removal

Groundwork’s model places farmers at the center of the carbon market. The company shares up to 70% of net carbon credit revenue. This gives growers a strong financial reason to boost soil health while farming as usual.

This reflects a broader shift in agriculture. More farmers are using regenerative practices. They are adopting reduced tillage, cover crops, and biological soil treatments. These methods help improve yields and lower costs. Carbon markets offer another source of income that can help support these changes.

Healthier soils also provide benefits beyond carbon removal. They boost biodiversity, cut erosion, enhance water retention, and support food security. This makes the projects appealing to companies aiming for wider sustainability goals.

A New Model for Nature-Based Carbon Removal

Groundwork BioAg’s first issuance marks an important step for agricultural carbon markets.

The project proves that it’s possible to measure soil carbon removal accurately. It can be verified independently and marketed under a top carbon standard. This could strengthen confidence in nature-based carbon credits as buyers demand greater transparency and integrity.

Challenges remain. Soil carbon projects need to show they last over time. They must measure well and perform consistently in various climates and farming systems. Strong monitoring and independent verification will remain essential as the market grows.

Still, Groundwork’s early success suggests biological solutions can become an important part of the global carbon removal portfolio. The company blends science-based soil management with financial incentives for farmers. This model supports agriculture and promotes climate action.

As demand for high-quality carbon removal grows, projects like Rootella Carbon can boost supply. They also make farmland more valuable in the battle against climate change.

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AI’s Environmental Cost: Data Centers Now Rival Entire Nations in Energy, Water, and Land Use

AI’s Environmental Cost: Data Centers Now Rival Entire Nations in Energy, Water, and Land Use

Artificial intelligence (AI) is often discussed in terms of innovation, productivity, and economic growth. But a new United Nations University (UNU) report warns that its physical footprint is becoming comparable to that of entire countries.

The report, “Environmental Cost of AI’s Energy Use: Carbon, Water and Land Footprints”, finds that global data centers powering AI could consume 945 terawatt-hours (TWh) of electricity by 2030. That is nearly triple the combined annual electricity use of Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Nigeria—countries with more than 650 million people.

  • If AI data centers were a country, they would rank among the top six electricity consumers in the world by 2030.

The report argues that the impact of AI cannot be measured by carbon emissions alone. It also includes large and growing demands for water and land. These pressures are reshaping how governments and companies think about digital infrastructure.

Kaveh Madani, the Director of UNU-INWEH and the professor who led the investigation, remarked:

“This report is not a case against artificial intelligence, a technological transformation that is improving the lives of billions of people around the world. It is a call for using it responsibly and addressing its unintended impacts proactively to make it sustainable and equitable. We have a narrow window to ensure that the backbone of the technological revolution of our era develops within planetary limits, and that the communities who provide the critical minerals for advancing AI and the ones that host its infrastructure and e-waste are also among those who benefit from it.” 

Data Centers Already Consume Nation-Level Resources

The scale of AI infrastructure is already large today, and it is growing quickly. 

In 2025, global data centers consumed about 448 TWh of electricity. That is more than the total electricity use of countries like Saudi Arabia. They also produced about 189 million metric tons of CO₂ emissions, similar to the annual emissions of Argentina.

The report finds that AI currently accounts for about 20% of total data center energy use, but this could rise to 40% by 2030 as AI applications expand. Goldman Sachs predicts that data center power use will climb by over 160% by the same period.  

data center power demand AI 2030 Goldman

This shift is driven mainly by “inference,” which is the continuous use of AI systems after they are trained. The report estimates that inference accounts for 80–90% of total AI energy consumption, far more than model training.

A single widely used system shows the scale. ChatGPT processes around 2.5 billion prompts per day, which translates to about 383 GWh of electricity per year for one application alone.

The report highlights a key trend: AI is no longer a training problem. It is a continuous global electricity demand system. 

The Triple Burden: Energy, Water, and Land Under Pressure

One of the report’s central findings is that AI’s environmental cost is multi-dimensional. It is not just about carbon emissions. By 2030, data centers are projected to use:

  • 945 TWh of electricity,
  • 9.3 trillion liters of water, and
  • Over 14,500 square kilometers of land.

The water footprint alone is equal to the basic annual needs of 1.3 billion people in Sub-Saharan Africa. The land footprint is roughly twice the size of the Jakarta metropolitan area, a region home to more than 32 million people.

These impacts come from cooling systems, power generation, and infrastructure build-out. The report warns that focusing only on carbon can hide trade-offs. For example, switching to some low-carbon energy sources can reduce emissions but increase water and land use.

This creates a more complex challenge, according to the report. “Low-carbon” does not always mean “low-impact.” Dr. Miriam Aczel, the lead author, stated:

“What surprised us most is how often the choices that look greenest from a carbon perspective end up worse for water or for land. If we keep judging AI sustainability by carbon alone, we might think that renewables make AI infrastructure clean, but that is solving one problem while creating other problems, often in places that didn’t ask for it.”

RELATED: AI Data Centers Power Crisis: Massive Energy Demand Threatens Emissions Targets and Latest Delays Signal Market Shift

Efficiency Gains Are Being Outpaced by AI Growth

AI systems are becoming more efficient, but demand is growing even faster. A typical AI image query can use about 1,450 times more energy than a basic text classification task. A single AI video can consume as much electricity as 200,000 simple queries.

Even small design choices matter. The report notes that changing output length, resolution, or model type can significantly alter energy use per request.

AI energy cost per query
Source: UNU Report

However, efficiency gains are often offset by rising usage. This is known as the rebound effect. As AI becomes cheaper and faster, people use it more frequently.

The report warns that this trend could cancel out many efficiency improvements unless stronger limits or design rules are introduced. It also highlights a growing environmental justice issue.

Only 32 countries host AI-specialized data centers, and more than 90% of global capacity is concentrated in just two countries. More than 150 countries have little or no access to AI computing infrastructure, even as they bear environmental costs linked to mineral extraction and e-waste.

The top 20 data center hubs and their distribution are as follows: 

global distribution of data centers
Source: UNU Report

Local Resources Are Under Pressure From Global AI Demand

The environmental impact of AI is not evenly distributed. The report shows that data centers can place heavy pressure on local water and electricity systems.

In Ireland, they already account for 21% of total metered electricity use, exceeding household consumption in some regions. Authorities have paused new approvals in parts of Dublin until 2028 due to grid constraints.

In other regions, the pressure is even more direct. In Mexico and Uruguay, data center expansion has coincided with severe drought conditions, raising concerns about water availability for local communities.

The report also warns about downstream impacts. AI infrastructure could generate up to 2.5 million tons of electronic waste per year by 2030, much of which may be processed in countries with weaker environmental protections.

This creates a mismatch. The benefits of AI are global, but many environmental costs are local.

A Call for Multi-Factor AI Governance

The UN report does not call for slowing AI development. Instead, it calls for better governance and measurement, as Professor Madani said.

It argues that current environmental reporting is incomplete because it focuses mainly on carbon emissions. The report recommends tracking carbon, water, and land footprints together.

It also proposes several actions, including:

  • Governments should include AI infrastructure in energy and water planning.
  • Companies should design models for efficiency, not just performance.
  • Data centers should consider local environmental limits when choosing locations.
  • Investors should treat resource use as a financial risk factor.
  • Users should be encouraged to reduce unnecessary computing load.

The key message is that AI must be built within planetary limits.

AI Infrastructure Is Becoming a Global Resource System

The report concludes that AI is no longer just a digital technology. It is becoming a physical infrastructure system that consumes electricity, water, land, and minerals at a national scale.

By 2030, AI data centers could use as much electricity as some of the world’s largest countries combined. At the same time, they could require water equivalent to billions of people’s needs and generate large volumes of electronic waste.

The UN framing is straightforward. The question is no longer whether AI will grow. It already is. The real challenge is whether that growth can be managed in a way that stays within environmental limits and distributes both benefits and burdens more fairly across countries and communities.

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Tesla (TSLA Stock), Sunrun, and Renew Home Reveal 16 GW Virtual Power Plant to Meet AI’s Soaring Energy Demand

Tesla (TSLA Stock), Sunrun, and Renew Home Reveal 16 GW Virtual Power Plant to Meet AI's Soaring Energy Demand

Tesla, Sunrun, and Renew Home are joining forces to build one of the largest virtual power plant (VPP) networks in the United States. The partnership plans to link millions of home batteries, solar panels, smart thermostats, and electric vehicles. This will create a flexible energy network that can provide over 16 gigawatts (GW) of electricity.

The companies say the network could help power data centers, factories, and other large electricity users without relying only on new power plants or transmission lines. Instead, it would use energy already stored in homes and businesses, sending electricity back to the grid when demand is high.

Why AI Is Changing the Power Market

The announcement comes as U.S. electricity demand is rising for the first time in decades. Artificial intelligence (AI), cloud computing, and hyperscale data centers are driving much of this growth. Utilities are now looking for faster ways to add electricity capacity while keeping the grid reliable and cutting emissions.

The proposed 16 GW network would generate about as much electricity as 16 large nuclear reactors. It could also supply power to millions of homes during peak demand periods.

Sunrun CEO Mary Powell remarked:

“The grid of the 1800s cannot power the innovation of 2026. Americans deserve innovation that does not create unnecessary energy costs. When data centers are asked to throttle down operations during the most expensive and stressful hours of the day, we can activate our distributed power plants to help provide them the power they need while also protecting American families from footing the bill for costly new infrastructure.”

The rapid growth of AI is putting increasing pressure on electricity systems around the world.

The International Energy Agency (IEA) says global electricity demand from data centers will more than double by 2030. AI data centers are the main driver because they require huge computing power and run around the clock.

In the United States, the Department of Energy estimates that data centers already use about 4% of the nation’s electricity. That share could rise sharply over the next decade, alongside its water and carbon footprint.

US data centers energy and carbon emissions
Xiao, T., Nerini, F.F., Matthews, H.D. et al. Environmental impact and net-zero pathways for sustainable artificial intelligence servers in the USA. Nat Sustain 8, 1541–1553 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-025-01681-y

Meeting this demand will require new sources of electricity. Building large power plants and transmission lines can take years or even decades. This is due to delays in permitting, construction, and connecting to the grid.

Virtual power plants offer a faster option. Utilities now combine thousands of smaller energy sources from homes and businesses. This replaces the need to build new generation facilities. These include rooftop solar panels, battery storage, electric vehicles, and smart appliances. These devices can automatically respond when the grid needs extra power.

The U.S. Department of Energy says virtual power plants may offer 80 GW to 160 GW of flexible capacity by 2030. This could cover 10% to 20% of the country’s peak electricity needs.

virtual power plants VPP
Source: NREL

How the 16 GW Network Will Work

The partnership combines the strengths of three companies.

Tesla offers Powerwall home battery systems, which allow homeowners to store extra solar power. When demand increases, they can send electricity back to the grid.

Sunrun, the largest residential solar installer in the United States, brings its growing network of rooftop solar systems and home batteries. The company now serves nearly one million customers, giving it one of the country’s largest distributed energy networks.

Renew Home adds its software platform, which connects millions of smart thermostats, water heaters, electric vehicles, batteries, and other internet-connected devices. The platform lets utilities coordinate these resources in real time without disrupting customers’ daily routines.

Together, the companies will join their distributed energy resources into one virtual power plant. Utilities can then manage it like a regular power station.

Electricity will come from thousands of homes in different states, not just one big facility. This approach also strengthens grid resilience because power is generated closer to where it is needed.

Tesla Is Building More Than Cars, It’s Building the Future Grid

While Tesla is best known for its electric vehicles, its energy business is becoming a bigger part of its long-term strategy. The company‘s mission is to speed up the world’s shift to sustainable energy. The company invests in electric vehicles and also focuses on:

  • Battery storage,
  • Solar energy,
  • Grid services, and
  • Artificial intelligence.

Its Megapack batteries are now used by utilities around the world to support renewable energy and improve grid reliability. Powerwall installations are growing. More homeowners want energy independence and backup power during outages.

Tesla has also set environmental goals beyond vehicle manufacturing. The company aims to cut emissions across its operations by increasing renewable energy use, improving manufacturing efficiency, and expanding battery recycling.

Tesla’s latest Impact Report states that widespread electrification, along with renewable electricity and battery storage, is one of the quickest ways to cut global greenhouse gas emissions. The EV giant is also working on its own VPP system. 

A Tesla Virtual Power Plant connects thousands of homes with Powerwall batteries, rooftop solar systems, EV chargers, and other smart energy devices into a single network that works like a traditional power plant.

Tesla virtual power plant VPP
Source: Tesla

Instead of generating electricity from one central spot, the VPP uses software. It helps homes decide when to store, use, or send electricity back to the grid during busy times. This helps improve grid reliability, reduce reliance on expensive fossil fuel peaker plants, and lower emissions.

Homeowners can also earn payments for participating while keeping backup power for outages. In July 2025, Tesla’s California VPP delivered more than 535 MW of grid capacity.

Examples of Tesla Virtual Power Plant programs include:

  • California, U.S. – The largest Tesla VPP, operating with utilities such as Pacific Gas and Electric and Southern California Edison.
  • Texas, U.S. – Tesla Electric customers with Powerwalls can participate in the state’s VPP program.
  • South Australia – One of the world’s first large-scale residential VPPs, connecting thousands of public housing and private homes.
  • Puerto Rico – A growing VPP network that helps improve grid resilience following frequent power outages.
  • Massachusetts, U.S. – Powerwall owners participate through utility demand response and connected solutions programs.

These projects demonstrate how distributed home batteries can provide utility-scale grid services while supporting the transition to cleaner and more flexible electricity systems.

Tesla Stock Shows Limited Reaction

Despite the importance of the announcement, Tesla’s stock showed only a modest reaction. Investors largely viewed the partnership as a long-term opportunity rather than an immediate earnings driver. The financial impact will depend on how quickly utilities adopt virtual power plants and how fast home battery installations grow.

Tesla TSLA stock

On the other hand, Sunrun shares jumped over 20% after the announcement. Investors noticed bigger near-term gains for the residential solar company. The partnership also strengthens Sunrun’s strategy of expanding beyond rooftop solar into grid services and energy management.

Sunrun RUN stock price

For Tesla, however, the announcement boosts confidence that its energy storage business could play a bigger role next to its automotive business.

Home Batteries Could Become the Next Power Plants

The proposed 16 GW virtual power plant is more than just another clean energy partnership. It shows how electricity systems may evolve to meet rising demand from AI, electrification, and renewable energy.

Utilities can use millions of connected batteries, solar systems, electric vehicles, and smart devices in homes. This way, they do not need to build enough power plants for just a few hours of peak demand each year.

Challenges remain. Expanding virtual power plants need the following for a successful implementation:

  • Supportive regulations,
  • Customer participation,
  • Strong cybersecurity, and 
  • Better coordination between utilities and tech providers.

Even so, momentum is growing. As AI drives electricity demand to record levels, distributed energy resources are shifting from niche programs to essential parts of the power grid.

For Tesla, Sunrun, and Renew Home, the 16 GW initiative is more than a technology partnership. It shows how home energy systems could become a key part of tomorrow’s electricity grid by providing flexible, low-carbon power exactly when it is needed most.

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Ørsted Cuts Power Generation Emissions 98%, Now It Faces the Hardest Part of Net Zero

Ørsted Cuts Power Generation Emissions 98%—Now It Faces the Hardest Part of Net Zero

Danish renewable energy company Ørsted, the world’s largest developer and operator of offshore wind, has achieved one of the biggest emissions reductions in the global power sector. Since 2006, the company has reduced emissions from its power generation and operations by 98%. This change has turned it from one of Europe’s most coal-heavy utilities into a global leader in offshore wind.

Now, Ørsted is taking on an even bigger challenge. The company has launched a new decarbonization strategy called The Next Zero,” shifting its focus to emissions across its value chain. Scope 3 emissions come from making the steel, copper, vessels, cables, and other materials used to build and run renewable energy projects.

Ørsted aims to reach net-zero emissions across its entire value chain by 2040. This goal relies more on suppliers, manufacturers, shipping companies, and policymakers than on the company’s own efforts, unlike previous emissions cuts.

The announcement highlights a growing challenge across the clean energy industry. Renewable electricity has low carbon emissions when in use. However, creating the necessary infrastructure involves a lot of materials that generate high emissions.

The Supply Chain Is Now Offshore Wind’s Biggest Carbon Challenge

Ørsted’s latest report shows how much its emissions profile has changed. Today, most of the company’s remaining emissions no longer come from generating electricity. Instead, they come from the supply chain that supports offshore wind projects.

Orsted renewable energy share
Source: Ørsted

For a typical offshore wind farm, about 75% of life-cycle emissions occur during development and construction, while only 25% come from operations. The report also identifies three major emissions hotspots that account for 88% of the total life-cycle footprint:

  • Steel: 46%
  • Maritime fuels: 33%
  • Copper: 9%
Orsted carbon emissions 2025
Source: Ørsted

Steel remains the biggest challenge. Offshore wind foundations and turbine towers need thousands of tons of steel. This steel must endure tough ocean conditions for many years.

Construction vessels mainly use conventional marine fuels. Copper is vital for cables and electrical systems. These connect offshore wind farms to the grid.

These materials are hard to replace, making decarbonizing the supply chain more complex than simply switching from coal to renewable energy. Patrick Harnett, Ørsted’s Chief Construction Officer, says:

“Our sights are firmly set on achieving net zero across our full value chain by 2040. The most impactful and immediate stepping stone is industrial electrification. But it will also require technical ingenuity in engineering, innovation in design and construction, and not least close collaboration across the supply chain.”

Offshore Wind Remains One of the Cleanest Energy Sources

Despite these remaining emissions, offshore wind remains one of the world’s lowest-carbon sources of electricity.

According to Ørsted’s life-cycle assessment, offshore wind produces electricity with an emissions intensity of just 8–12 grams of CO₂ equivalent per kilowatt-hour (gCO₂e/kWh).

For comparison:

  • Utility-scale solar: 10–50 gCO₂e/kWh
  • Natural gas: 450–630 gCO₂e/kWh
  • Coal: 820–990 gCO₂e/kWh

That means offshore wind can produce electricity with life-cycle emissions up to 99 times lower than fossil fuel power.

offshore wind lifecycle emissions
Source: Ørsted

The International Energy Agency (IEA) predicts that global electricity demand will continue to rise until the end of the decade. This increase will be fueled by electric vehicles, data centers, artificial intelligence, and industrial electrification. At the same time, renewable energy is expected to provide almost all growth in global electricity generation.

Meeting that demand will require a major expansion of offshore wind. The European Union aims to increase offshore wind capacity to 300 gigawatts (GW) by 2050, up from about 37 GW today. Reaching that goal will require major investment not only in turbines but also in cleaner industrial supply chains.

Investors responded positively to Ørsted’s latest decarbonization update. The company’s shares rose slightly after the announcement, which shows confidence in its long-term climate strategy. The rise comes after tough years filled with project issues, higher financing costs, and challenges in the offshore wind market.

ORSTED stock price

Ørsted’s stock has bounced back in 2026, up about 28% this year. Investors are happy due to better operations, progress on key offshore wind projects, and a clearer plan to cut emissions in its value chain.

How Ørsted Plans to Cut Scope 3 Emissions

Ørsted aims to cut emissions by redesigning offshore wind projects. They will focus on how these projects are built and supplied instead of relying on carbon offsets.

The company has worked with more than 50 strategic suppliers since launching its supply chain decarbonization program in 2020. It encourages suppliers to adopt science-based climate targets, switch to renewable electricity, and report emissions through CDP.

Yet, steel remains the top priority.

Ørsted has signed an offtake agreement with German steel producer Dillinger to develop low-emission heavy steel plates for offshore wind foundations. The company estimates the new production method could cut embodied emissions from foundation steel by about 55%.

It is also partnering with the University of Oxford to enhance monopile designs. This will cut emissions from each foundation by another 3% by using materials more efficiently.

Beyond Steel: Shipping, Copper, and the Hidden Carbon Footprint 

Steel is Ørsted’s largest emissions hotspot, but maritime fuels and copper are also major sources. To cut these emissions, Ørsted is deploying hybrid-electric and methanol-powered vessels, which can reduce emissions by up to 85% and 80%, respectively.

It is also using lower-carbon copper cables at the Hornsea 3 wind farm, reducing embodied emissions by about 50%.

The company is also expanding circular practices. In 2025, it refurbished 80% of key turbine parts and promised to send no blades or solar panels to landfills. Plus, it extended the life of older wind farms by as much as 15 years.

These efforts can lower a wind farm’s life-cycle emissions by more than 30%. Beyond offshore wind, Ørsted is building two CCS facilities in Denmark that will capture 430,000 metric tons of CO₂ annually starting in 2026.

All these initiatives could help the energy company reach its SBTi climate targets:

Orsted climate targets
Source:

A Bigger Challenge for the Renewable Energy Industry

Ørsted’s strategy reflects a broader challenge for the renewable energy sector. As power generation becomes cleaner, emissions from manufacturing and construction are becoming a larger share of the industry’s carbon footprint.

The IEA says global renewable energy capacity must nearly triple by 2030 to meet climate goals. That growth will require huge amounts of steel, cement, copper, and other materials. Unless these industries also decarbonize, supply-chain emissions could slow progress toward net zero.

renewable power triple pledge 2030 wind energy

Ørsted believes stronger policies such as the EU ETS and CBAM, together with closer cooperation across supply chains, will help speed up the shift to low-carbon materials and cleaner industrial production.

The Next Stage of Net Zero

Ørsted has already transformed itself from one of Europe’s most coal-intensive utilities into a global renewable energy leader. Cutting emissions from its own power generation by 98% is one of the industry’s biggest decarbonization achievements.

The next stage will be much harder. Instead of replacing coal plants with wind farms, the company must now reduce the emissions embedded in every turbine tower, monopile foundation, vessel, cable, and supply chain contract.

Success will depend not only on new technologies but also on stronger partnerships across industries.

If the company succeeds, it could provide a roadmap for the wider renewable energy industry. As countries expand offshore wind to meet climate goals, the next frontier of decarbonization may not be the turbines themselves, but everything needed to build them.

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Gold Standard Unveils a $17 Billion Climate Plan and How Businesses Can Use Carbon Credits With It

Gold Standard Unveils a $17B a Year Climate Plan and How Businesses Can Use Carbon Credits For It

Companies around the world are spending billions to cut their carbon emissions. But even as they work toward net-zero goals, they continue to release large amounts of greenhouse gases every year.

A new report from Gold Standard, Pinwheel, and ClimatePartner says these “ongoing emissions” could become a major source of climate funding. If companies track their yearly emissions, they could invest up to $17 billion each year into projects that cut or remove carbon from the air.

The report introduces Ongoing Emissions Responsibility (OER). OER suggests that companies should contribute yearly to climate projects instead of relying on carbon credits. They should also keep working on reducing emissions in their operations.

Gold Standard says this approach could unlock billions of dollars in private investment at a time when the world faces a growing climate finance gap.

Why Climate Finance Is Still Falling Short

The report comes as governments and businesses struggle to raise enough money to meet global climate goals.

The United Nations estimates that developing countries will need around $1.3 trillion each year by 2035. This funding is vital for cutting emissions and adapting to climate change. Current funding is still far below that level, leaving a gap of hundreds of billions of dollars each year.

global climate finance vs COP30 target

Most companies focus their climate spending on reducing emissions from their own operations and supply chains. While this remains essential, Gold Standard says it does little to address the emissions businesses continue to release while working toward net zero.

Many companies do not expect to reach net zero until 2040 or 2050. Until then, billions of tons of carbon dioxide will continue entering the atmosphere. Gold Standard says companies need to take financial responsibility for ongoing emissions now, and not wait for decades.

What Is Ongoing Emissions Responsibility?

OER is meant to work alongside — not replace — corporate decarbonization. The report specifically refers to it as:

“OER is a structured approach through which organisations can take responsibility for emissions that remain unabated each year as they progress toward net zero.”

Under the framework, companies continue cutting emissions across their operations and value chains. At the same time, they invest in verified climate projects based on the amount of emissions they still produce each year.

That funding can support a wide range of climate solutions, including:

  • Carbon removal technologies, 
  • Forest restoration and conservation, 
  • Methane reduction projects, 
  • Renewable energy, and
  • Climate adaptation programs.

Unlike traditional carbon offsets, companies would not claim these projects cancel out their own emissions. Instead, they would present them as contributions to global climate action.

Gold Standard says this makes climate claims clearer and reduces the risk of greenwashing. OER activities fall under these categories:

OER three categories
Source: Gold Standard

The framework also backs the idea of Beyond Value Chain Mitigation (BVCM). This encourages companies to invest in emissions cuts outside their own operations while they keep decarbonizing internally.

How Companies Could Generate $17 Billion Each Year

Gold Standard believes corporate climate finance could grow rapidly if more businesses adopt OER.

The report models a system in which companies apply an internal carbon price to their ongoing emissions. Even relatively low carbon prices could generate around $17 billion every year for climate action.

  • The model assumes businesses contribute $20 per metric ton of CO₂ for 10% of the emissions they continue to produce while working toward net zero.

Many companies already use internal carbon pricing to guide business decisions. According to CDP, more than 1,000 companies worldwide either use an internal carbon price or plan to introduce one. Gold Standard proposes linking those internal carbon fees directly to climate investments.

gold standard carbon price OER
Source: Gold Standard

The report also recommends a “money-for-tonne” approach. Under this model, companies contribute funding for every tonne of carbon dioxide they continue to emit. Unlike buying offsets, these payments would provide steady funding for climate projects while companies continue reducing their own emissions.

Gold Standard recommends that businesses make OER part of their long-term climate strategy.

It identifies five priorities:

  • Integrate OER into company planning.
  • Adopt stable funding methods.
  • Build diversified climate portfolios.
  • Strengthen transparency.
  • Develop internal expertise.

The New Rules for Credible Carbon Credit Use

Gold Standard says carbon credits can still play an important role in corporate climate action—but only if companies use them the right way. The report argues that credits should no longer be used to claim that a company has “offset” or “neutralized” its emissions. It writes:

“Carbon credits are a funding mechanism that quantifies mitigation outcomes from climate projects and are used to fund climate action without implying one-for-one compensation of a buyer’s emissions. This distinction separates the tool from compensation style messaging and aligns its use with contribution-based responsibility for ongoing emissions.”

The report also sets out several conditions for credible carbon credit use. Companies should buy credits from trusted programs with transparent methods, independent verification, and strong environmental and social safeguards. Credits should align with the goals of the Paris Agreement and avoid double-counting.

Gold Standard suggests regular checks, clear public reports, and ongoing monitoring of carbon credit portfolios. Companies should show that carbon credits complement, not replace, direct emissions cuts. They must keep value-chain decarbonization as their top priority.

What is ongoing emissions responsibility (OER)

A Shift Beyond Traditional Carbon Offsetting

Gold Standard’s proposal comes as the voluntary carbon market continues to evolve.

For many years, companies used carbon credits mainly to offset emissions and support net-zero claims. However, concerns about project quality and transparency have increased scrutiny of the market.

Organizations like the Integrity Council for the Voluntary Carbon Market (ICVCM), the Voluntary Carbon Markets Integrity Initiative (VCMI), and the Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi) have launched new standards. These aim to boost market integrity.

The biggest shift is the growing focus on cutting emissions first. Under the SBTi Corporate Net-Zero Standard, companies need to cut at least 90% of their emissions. Only then can they use carbon removals for the small amount left.

Gold Standard’s OER framework supports this approach. Companies should report their emissions openly. Instead of saying carbon credits offset these emissions, they would fund climate action outside their own operations.

This approach could improve transparency and help companies avoid misleading climate claims.

Can OER Help Close the Climate Finance Gap?

OER is still a new idea, and companies are only beginning to test how it will work. Gold Standard says the industry needs more pilot projects, case studies, and collaboration. This step is essential before the framework can be widely adopted.

Even so, the report reflects a broader shift in corporate climate action.

More businesses now recognize that reaching net zero is not only about reducing emissions inside their own operations. It also means helping fund the global transition to a low-carbon economy while those reductions are taking place.

If companies take financial responsibility for their emissions, billions could support projects that restore forests, reduce methane, expand renewable energy, and scale carbon removal technologies. That funding could help narrow the climate finance gap while speeding up global emissions reductions.

Whether OER becomes common practice remains to be seen. But Gold Standard’s proposal suggests the next step in corporate climate action may not be claiming carbon neutrality. It may be taking greater responsibility for the emissions that companies continue to produce today.

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Stegra Lands $1.6 Billion Funding Boost to Build Europe’s Largest Green Steel Plant

Stegra Lands $1.6 Billion Funding Boost to Build Europe’s Largest Green Steel Plant

Green steel startup Stegra has raised €1.4 billion ($1.6 billion) in equity funding. This money is for building what will be Europe’s largest green steel plant in Boden, northern Sweden.

Wallenberg Investments led the financing round. It also includes support from existing investors such as Temasek, Hy24, Just Climate, and Altor. The funding round closes months of uncertainty around the project and gives Stegra the capital needed to complete construction and begin commissioning operations.

The announcement is significant not only for Stegra but also for the broader clean industrial transition. Many green steel and green hydrogen projects in Europe have faced delays, funding issues, or cancellations in the last two years. This is mainly due to rising costs and slower market growth than expected.

Against that backdrop, Stegra’s successful capital raise stands out as one of the largest climate tech financing deals of 2026. Stegra CEO Henrik Henriksson remarked:

“We are grateful for the support for the work we are doing in bringing near-zero emissions steel to the market from both new and existing investors, as well as from lenders. It’s a strong sign of confidence in our business case and the project.”

Why Steel Is a Major Climate Challenge

Steel production is one of the world’s most carbon-intensive industries. According to the International Energy Agency, the sector accounts for roughly 7% of global energy-related CO₂ emissions.

steel carbon emissions

Traditional steelmaking relies on coal-fired blast furnaces that use coking coal to remove oxygen from iron ore. This process releases large amounts of carbon dioxide.

The world produces nearly 2 billion metric tons of steel every year, making the industry one of the hardest sectors to decarbonize. Researchers estimate that making steel produces about 2 tons of CO₂ for every ton of steel.

Meanwhile, demand for steel will keep rising. Countries are investing in infrastructure, renewable energy, electric vehicles, and grid upgrades, which require steel. This is why green steel has become one of the most closely watched industrial decarbonization opportunities.

How Stegra Plans to Cut Emissions by Up to 95%

Stegra, formerly known as H2 Green Steel, aims to replace coal with green hydrogen produced from renewable electricity.

At its Boden facility, the company will use large-scale electrolyzers to produce hydrogen from water. That hydrogen will then be used to reduce iron ore into iron before it is processed into steel.

The company says this approach can reduce carbon emissions by up to 95% compared with conventional steelmaking. The facility is expected to produce 2.5 million metric tons of green steel annually during its first phase of operation. In the long term, Stegra plans to expand capacity to as much as 5 million tons per year.

Stegra green steel vs traditional steelmaking
Source: Stegra

The project also includes one of Europe’s largest green hydrogen facilities. Access to abundant hydropower and wind energy in northern Sweden is a key reason the company selected Boden as its location. Electricity costs in the region are often significantly lower than in many other parts of Europe.

Why Investors Are Still Writing Billion-Dollar Checks for Climate Industry

The latest funding round pushes Stegra’s total financing to almost €8 billion. This amount includes earlier equity, debt, and public funding. That makes it one of the most heavily funded industrial decarbonization projects in the world.

Investor backing is particularly notable given recent setbacks across Europe’s clean tech sector.

Swedish battery maker Northvolt filed for bankruptcy earlier this year after struggling with production and financing challenges. The collapse raised concerns about investor appetite for large-scale industrial climate projects. Stegra itself faced questions about its financing needs after project costs increased and construction timelines shifted.

However, investors appear to view Stegra differently. The company uses familiar steelmaking technologies, unlike battery manufacturing. It focuses on replacing fossil fuels with renewable electricity and hydrogen. Supporters argue that this lowers technology risk while still delivering significant emissions reductions.

The new funding package also provides additional financial flexibility as the company moves from construction to commercial operations.

Demand for Green Steel Is Growing Fast

Stegra’s investors are betting that demand for low-carbon steel will continue to grow. Automakers, construction firms, and industrial manufacturers are facing increasing pressure to reduce supply chain emissions.

  • Steel is a major source of embodied carbon. It’s found in many products, like cars, appliances, buildings, and wind turbines.

Several major companies have already signed supply agreements with Stegra, including Mercedes-Benz, Volvo Group, Porsche, Electrolux, and IKEA. These firms are looking for ways to reduce Scope 3 emissions, which typically account for the majority of their carbon footprints.

Market forecasts say the global green steel market could grow to $766.8 billion in 2030. This growth is due to stricter carbon pricing and companies pushing for net-zero targets. Europe is expected to remain one of the largest early markets due to its climate policies and industrial decarbonization goals.

green steel market 2030
Source: Grand View Research

The European Union’s Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) is also encouraging lower-carbon steel production by adding a carbon cost to some imported materials.

Green Hydrogen Remains the Industry’s Biggest Challenge

Despite growing momentum, major challenges remain. The economics of green steel depend heavily on the cost of renewable electricity and green hydrogen. Producing hydrogen through electrolysis remains significantly more expensive than using coal or natural gas in many markets.

Also, many hydrogen-based projects are delayed. Developers are waiting for lower equipment costs, cheaper renewable energy, and better policy support.

Industry experts note that producing green steel at scale will require massive amounts of clean electricity. To fully decarbonize the sector, estimates suggest the steel industry needs nearly 100 million tons of green hydrogen each year by mid-century.

That means projects like Stegra are not only testing a new steelmaking model. They are also testing whether the wider green hydrogen economy can scale fast enough to support heavy industry.

A Key Test for Europe’s Industrial Net-Zero Future

Stegra’s successful funding round arrives at a pivotal moment for industrial decarbonization.

Heavy industries such as steel, cement, and chemicals account for nearly one-third of global greenhouse gas emissions. Many climate pathways show that deep emissions reductions in these sectors are essential for achieving net-zero goals.

By securing another €1.4 billion in funding, Stegra has strengthened its position as one of the world’s most important green steel projects. The company has a clearer plan to finish its main plant. This will show that low-carbon steel can compete on a large scale.

If successful, the Boden facility could become a model for future steel plants around the world. It would also provide evidence that investors remain willing to back large industrial climate projects despite recent setbacks elsewhere in the clean tech sector.

For Europe, the project serves as a test of whether the continent can turn climate ambition into a large-scale industrial reality.

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